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图文原片"}],"text":"竹笛是中国人民非常熟悉的民族乐器，在我国流传已有几千年的历史。竹笛具有丰富的\n表现力，有许多独特的演奏技巧，其乐器本身又较为简便。因而，在长期的、极为广泛的流\n传中，竹笛成为人民用以表达自己的思想感情和反映社会生活、为群众所喜爱的乐器。人民\n喜爱竹笛，把它的形象描绘成“玉龙喷霜”，把它的声音比喻成“风鸣”、“龙吟”，它成\n了人民生活中不可缺少的亲密伙伴。可惜，今天我们却很少看到真正的古代笛谱。无数的艺\n术明珠像水珠般地消失了！\n在唐朝末年这一段近古音乐史中，戏曲盛行，竹笛成了戏曲伴奏的重要乐器。因而在表\n现力和演奏技巧上，相对地缺乏进取性和独立性。一直到建国以后，笛子艺术才得到充分的\n发展，无论在创作、演奏、理论、作曲和改革教学等多方面都取得了卓越的成就。\n竹笛并不难学，一般来说，经过一年半载的练习就有希望演奏得悠扬动听了。不过假如\n你要想攀登艺术高峰，精益求精，那么即使花一辈子的精力也是值得的。因此，目的不同，\n学习的方法、要求、措施等也就不大相同。如果你是业余爱好者，学习的目的是为了丰富自\n己的生活，你不可能有很多的时间投入艺术劳动，那么你必定希望自己的学习能够很快地收\n到成效，演奏起来既使自己心旷神怡，对听者也是一种艺术享受；如果你是一个立志献身于\n竹笛演奏的专业工作者，有志于攀登艺术高峰，那么就应该踏踏实实地打好基础，基础打得\n越坚实越好。这两种学习方法是不同的，要求也不一样，不同的地方在于：首先，训练的时\n间不一样。专业者至少要保持每天三个小时以上，需要高标准、严要求，有系统、有步骤、\n有措施；而业余者则要根据自己的兴趣和需要进行训练，不能那么严格。当然，业余者也可\n能成为专业的，这要看他们的发展怎样。我们有许多吹笛子的专业者，过去也是业余的。训\n练的动机、目的、要求可以不一样，但总的都希望有一个比较科学的说川练方法。什么是比较\n科学的训练方法呢？这个问题对竹笛演奏训练来说，目前还没有完全统一的认识。有的认为\n民乐重在风格，不必有严格的基础训练；有的认为必须像西洋管乐器一样，有系统、有步\n骤、严格地从基础训练开始。我的意见倾向于后一种，当然还要从实际出发。中国竹笛这一\n乐器本身，也还在不断地发展，比如说，半音阶不完整，因此还不能以严格的步骤和方法来","kind":"图文"},{"page":5,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/005.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/005.webp","lines":[{"text":"训练半音阶。中国竹笛种类庞杂，演奏的风格五花八门，如果用西洋长笛的框框来“改","confidence":0.9974,"box":[172.0,240.0,1239.0,284.0]},{"text":"革”、“统一”竹笛的规格，或者照搬长笛的训练方法，那显然是不正确的，也是行不通","confidence":0.9985,"box":[168.0,287.0,1239.0,334.0]},{"text":"的。","confidence":0.9998,"box":[167.0,338.0,260.0,372.0]},{"text":"基于以上认识，我编写了这本业余与专业相结合的笛子教材。所选内容着重基础训练及竹","confidence":0.9961,"box":[221.0,389.0,1237.0,434.0]},{"text":"笛的独特演奏技巧两个方面，希望能对业余和专业的演奏者都有所帮助，希望能对同行们提供","confidence":0.9987,"box":[170.0,438.0,1238.0,483.0]},{"text":"一些可以参考的东西。另外，这本教材曾于1983年由广播出版社首次印刷三万多册，并由中央","confidence":0.9977,"box":[169.0,487.0,1237.0,532.0]},{"text":"人民广播电台文艺部音乐组作为教材连续播出了两次，在全国范围内产生较大影响，很多专业","confidence":0.9939,"box":[166.0,537.0,1236.0,582.0]},{"text":"院校已采用为教本。十几年过去了，通过教学实践，发现本教材中存在一些问题需要进行修","confidence":0.9954,"box":[167.0,587.0,1233.0,631.0]},{"text":"改。1995年，应中央音乐学院环球音像出版社之邀，重新删补、修正了教材内容，并录成音像。如","confidence":0.9924,"box":[165.0,637.0,1234.0,681.0]},{"text":"今，修订后的《笛子演奏技巧十讲》,由文化艺术出版社推出。既为了“继往”，更是为了“开来”","confidence":0.9854,"box":[163.0,686.0,1219.0,730.0]},{"text":"但愿中国民族艺术的光芒，不是削弱而是更加灿烂地闪耀在世界民族艺术之林！","confidence":0.9933,"box":[161.0,735.0,1063.0,778.0]},{"text":"赵松庭","confidence":0.9996,"box":[869.0,848.0,946.0,879.0]},{"text":"2000年10月于北京","confidence":0.9982,"box":[821.0,902.0,1022.0,931.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9913,"box":[671.0,1710.0,691.0,1737.0]}],"rawText":"训练半音阶。中国竹笛种类庞杂，演奏的风格五花八门，如果用西洋长笛的框框来“改\n革”、“统一”竹笛的规格，或者照搬长笛的训练方法，那显然是不正确的，也是行不通\n的。\n基于以上认识，我编写了这本业余与专业相结合的笛子教材。所选内容着重基础训练及竹\n笛的独特演奏技巧两个方面，希望能对业余和专业的演奏者都有所帮助，希望能对同行们提供\n一些可以参考的东西。另外，这本教材曾于1983年由广播出版社首次印刷三万多册，并由中央\n人民广播电台文艺部音乐组作为教材连续播出了两次，在全国范围内产生较大影响，很多专业\n院校已采用为教本。十几年过去了，通过教学实践，发现本教材中存在一些问题需要进行修\n改。1995年，应中央音乐学院环球音像出版社之邀，重新删补、修正了教材内容，并录成音像。如\n今，修订后的《笛子演奏技巧十讲》,由文化艺术出版社推出。既为了“继往”，更是为了“开来”\n但愿中国民族艺术的光芒，不是削弱而是更加灿烂地闪耀在世界民族艺术之林！\n赵松庭\n2000年10月于北京\n2","refined":true,"refinedLines":10,"printedPage":null,"chapter":null,"title":"前言（续）","segments":[{"type":"text","paragraphs":["训练半音阶。中国竹笛种类庞杂，演奏的风格五花八门，如果用西洋长笛的框框来“改革”、“统一”竹笛的规格，或者照搬长笛的训练方法，那显然是不正确的，也是行不通"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/005-00-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":104,"box":[168.0,235,1239.0,339],"confidence":0.998},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/005-01.webp","width":59,"height":37,"box":[160,339,219,376],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["基于以上认识，我编写了这本业余与专业相结合的笛子教材。所选内容着重基础训练及竹笛的独特演奏技巧两个方面，希望能对业余和专业的演奏者都有所帮助，希望能对同行们提供一些可以参考的东西。另外，这本教材曾于1983年由广播出版社首次印刷三万多册，并由中央人民广播电台文艺部音乐组作为教材连续播出了两次，在全国范围内产生较大影响，很多专业院校已采用为教本。十几年过去了，通过教学实践，发现本教材中存在一些问题需要进行修改。1995年，应中央音乐学院环球音像出版社之邀，重新删补、修正了教材内容，并录成音像。如今，修订后的《笛子演奏技巧十讲》,由文化艺术出版社推出。既为了“继往”，更是为了“开来”但愿中国民族艺术的光芒，不是削弱而是更加灿烂地闪耀在世界民族艺术之林！"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/005-02-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":399,"box":[161.0,384,1238.0,783],"confidence":0.994},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/005-03.webp","width":368,"height":904,"box":[663,838,1031,1742],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"}],"text":"训练半音阶。中国竹笛种类庞杂，演奏的风格五花八门，如果用西洋长笛的框框来“改\n革”、“统一”竹笛的规格，或者照搬长笛的训练方法，那显然是不正确的，也是行不通\n基于以上认识，我编写了这本业余与专业相结合的笛子教材。所选内容着重基础训练及竹\n笛的独特演奏技巧两个方面，希望能对业余和专业的演奏者都有所帮助，希望能对同行们提供\n一些可以参考的东西。另外，这本教材曾于1983年由广播出版社首次印刷三万多册，并由中央\n人民广播电台文艺部音乐组作为教材连续播出了两次，在全国范围内产生较大影响，很多专业\n院校已采用为教本。十几年过去了，通过教学实践，发现本教材中存在一些问题需要进行修\n改。1995年，应中央音乐学院环球音像出版社之邀，重新删补、修正了教材内容，并录成音像。如\n今，修订后的《笛子演奏技巧十讲》,由文化艺术出版社推出。既为了“继往”，更是为了“开来”\n但愿中国民族艺术的光芒，不是削弱而是更加灿烂地闪耀在世界民族艺术之林！\n赵松庭\n2000年10月于北京","kind":"图文"},{"page":6,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/006.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/006.webp","lines":[{"text":"目录","confidence":0.9986,"box":[611.0,397.0,777.0,465.0]},{"text":"第一讲竹笛的历史沿革和基本演奏方法","confidence":0.9993,"box":[166.0,699.0,786.0,735.0]},{"text":"（1）","confidence":0.7751,"box":[1176.0,704.0,1219.0,726.0]},{"text":"第二讲","confidence":0.9997,"box":[165.0,764.0,268.0,802.0]},{"text":"：气功","confidence":0.9838,"box":[257.0,760.0,370.0,802.0]},{"text":".(11)","confidence":0.8727,"box":[1140.0,763.0,1223.0,799.0]},{"text":"第三讲","confidence":0.9999,"box":[166.0,830.0,268.0,868.0]},{"text":"气、指、舌结合训练","confidence":0.9991,"box":[256.0,830.0,575.0,866.0]},{"text":"...(19)","confidence":0.8183,"box":[1107.0,826.0,1226.0,867.0]},{"text":"第四讲","confidence":0.9999,"box":[166.0,896.0,271.0,934.0]},{"text":"震、叠、赠、打及南方风格的演奏","confidence":0.9981,"box":[254.0,896.0,765.0,931.0]},{"text":"..(38)","confidence":0.816,"box":[1107.0,892.0,1226.0,933.0]},{"text":"第五讲","confidence":0.9999,"box":[164.0,960.0,269.0,1002.0]},{"text":"圆滑音","confidence":0.9986,"box":[294.0,961.0,401.0,999.0]},{"text":"....(50)","confidence":0.7578,"box":[1110.0,955.0,1227.0,1000.0]},{"text":"第六讲","confidence":0.9997,"box":[166.0,1027.0,269.0,1066.0]},{"text":"垛音","confidence":0.9997,"box":[287.0,1028.0,367.0,1064.0]},{"text":"...(62)","confidence":0.7962,"box":[1114.0,1024.0,1227.0,1066.0]},{"text":"第七讲","confidence":0.9998,"box":[166.0,1093.0,272.0,1131.0]},{"text":"转调、变化音阶","confidence":0.9983,"box":[253.0,1095.0,529.0,1128.0]},{"text":"...(81)","confidence":0.801,"box":[1106.0,1086.0,1229.0,1132.0]},{"text":"第八讲","confidence":0.9999,"box":[166.0,1159.0,268.0,1197.0]},{"text":"：气息控制及循环换气","confidence":0.99,"box":[257.0,1161.0,609.0,1194.0]},{"text":"....(90)","confidence":0.8037,"box":[1109.0,1153.0,1229.0,1198.0]},{"text":"第九讲形形色色的笛子","confidence":0.9994,"box":[165.0,1224.0,544.0,1263.0]},{"text":"...(101)","confidence":0.9192,"box":[1093.0,1218.0,1229.0,1263.0]},{"text":"第十讲怎样演奏《早晨》","confidence":0.9979,"box":[164.0,1288.0,544.0,1330.0]},{"text":"....(112)","confidence":0.8468,"box":[1093.0,1284.0,1227.0,1327.0]},{"text":"结束语··","confidence":0.8855,"box":[166.0,1357.0,298.0,1394.0]},{"text":"...·(117)","confidence":0.8307,"box":[1091.0,1350.0,1227.0,1393.0]},{"text":"附录笛曲五首···","confidence":0.8744,"box":[166.0,1424.0,475.0,1460.0]},{"text":"......(118)","confidence":0.8674,"box":[1073.0,1416.0,1228.0,1458.0]}],"rawText":"目录\n第一讲竹笛的历史沿革和基本演奏方法\n（1）\n第二讲\n：气功\n.(11)\n第三讲\n气、指、舌结合训练\n...(19)\n第四讲\n震、叠、赠、打及南方风格的演奏\n..(38)\n第五讲\n圆滑音\n....(50)\n第六讲\n垛音\n...(62)\n第七讲\n转调、变化音阶\n...(81)\n第八讲\n：气息控制及循环换气\n....(90)\n第九讲形形色色的笛子\n...(101)\n第十讲怎样演奏《早晨》\n....(112)\n结束语··\n...·(117)\n附录笛曲五首···\n......(118)","printedPage":null,"chapter":null,"title":"原书目录","segments":[{"type":"image","src":"assets/pages/006.webp","width":1305,"height":1890,"box":[0,0,1305,1890],"label":"原书页面"}],"text":"目录\n第一讲竹笛的历史沿革和基本演奏方法\n第二讲\n：气功\n第三讲\n气、指、舌结合训练\n第四讲\n震、叠、赠、打及南方风格的演奏\n第五讲\n圆滑音\n第六讲\n垛音\n第七讲\n转调、变化音阶\n第八讲\n：气息控制及循环换气\n第九讲形形色色的笛子\n第十讲怎样演奏《早晨》\n结束语··\n附录笛曲五首···","kind":"原谱 / 图版"},{"page":7,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/007.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/007.webp","lines":[{"text":"第一讲竹笛的历史沿革和基本演奏方法","confidence":0.9961,"box":[330.0,261.0,1045.0,300.0]},{"text":"有关笛子的起源、沿革、形制、名称等，历来众说纷纭，这里仅做一个简单的介绍。早在八千年前，","confidence":0.9821,"box":[207.0,368.0,1214.0,399.0]},{"text":"我国就有了骨制笛子。有横开一个孔、两个孔、三个孔甚至六个孔的笛子（浙江河姆渡出土文物、河南舞","confidence":0.9948,"box":[168.0,414.0,1225.0,447.0]},{"text":"阳出土文物证明了这一点），至迟到般周时代就有了音阶完整的竹制笛子。汉朝以后，吸取了羌笛的形","confidence":0.9914,"box":[167.0,460.0,1224.0,493.0]},{"text":"制，称竹笛为“横吹”。嗣后，根据音律学的理论又制成了长短不同的笛子。当时的著名演奏家列和演奏","confidence":0.992,"box":[167.0,506.0,1224.0,539.0]},{"text":"的长笛长达三尺二寸。魏晋时期，蔡邕、荀、梁武帝等人制造的十二律笛，都是根据音律的理论制成","confidence":0.9907,"box":[166.0,554.0,1225.0,585.0]},{"text":"的。这时期已经有了“顺笛”（竖吹，管子里面加一块有槽的木头，一吹就会发音）和“手笛”（高音笛)。","confidence":0.9743,"box":[166.0,600.0,1214.0,633.0]},{"text":"隋朝有了十二孔笛，一根笛能吹十二个调子。唐朝的吕才制成“尺八”，凡十二枚，在当时颇为流行，并","confidence":0.9925,"box":[165.0,647.0,1224.0,679.0]},{"text":"随唐朝的雅乐传到口本。唐朝的刘系作-七星管，贴上笛膜以助声，这恐怕是笛子贴膜的最早记载。到了宋","confidence":0.9877,"box":[165.0,693.0,1225.0,725.0]},{"text":"朝又出现了吹孔在中间、两手交叉起来演奏的“义手笛”，又名“拱宸管”。宋元以后，戏曲盛行，竹笛","confidence":0.9924,"box":[165.0,739.0,1223.0,771.0]},{"text":"成了戏曲伴奏的重要乐器，伴奏榔子戏的称为“榔笛”，伴奏昆曲的称为“曲笛”，这种称呼一直流传至","confidence":0.9763,"box":[164.0,785.0,1224.0,817.0]},{"text":"今。由于当时还没有发明计量单位“赫兹”，因而未能标明各种音名的频率高度，所以榔笛、曲笛是什么","confidence":0.9948,"box":[163.0,832.0,1224.0,863.0]},{"text":"调就很难说清楚。相对而言，短小的称为“榔笛”，第三孔的高度约为f²、g²、a²的，通常称它们为F","confidence":0.9681,"box":[163.0,877.0,1227.0,909.0]},{"text":"调榔笛、G调榔笛、小a调榔笛，以g2椰笛为中心；较长的则称为“曲笛”，第三孔的高度约为c²、","confidence":0.949,"box":[162.0,922.0,1215.0,956.0]},{"text":"c²、d²、e²，以d²曲笛为中心。","confidence":0.9454,"box":[166.0,974.0,498.0,1001.0]},{"text":"传统的调名称呼，不管笛子长短以及发音的高低，凡是以第三孔(从下数上)作主音1的，统称为“小","confidence":0.9868,"box":[205.0,1016.0,1224.0,1047.0]},{"text":"工调”；第四孔作主音的称“凡字调”；第五孔作主音的称“六字调”；第六孔（即顶孔）作主音的称“正","confidence":0.9742,"box":[162.0,1063.0,1225.0,1094.0]},{"text":"宫调”；筒音作主音的称“乙字调”；第一孔作主音的称“上字调”；第二孔作主音的称“尺字调”。这","confidence":0.9915,"box":[162.0,1108.0,1226.0,1140.0]},{"text":"种命调的方式，只能在六孔竹笛上适用，如果有七个孔就不适用了，而且也不能标出音调的高低。目前生","confidence":0.9967,"box":[161.0,1155.0,1225.0,1186.0]},{"text":"产的竹笛，大都标有音名。仍按习惯以第三孔作为命调点，如大C调就是第三子L的音高为c²523，D调就","confidence":0.9916,"box":[161.0,1201.0,1226.0,1232.0]},{"text":"是第三孔音高为d²587，这两种都属于曲笛；又如F调榔笛就是第三孔音高是f2698，G调榔笛就是第三","confidence":0.956,"box":[161.0,1246.0,1226.0,1279.0]},{"text":"孔音高为g²784，这两种都属于郴笛；第三孔的音高超过c²的都称为高音小笛，如小c调、小d调等。","confidence":0.9668,"box":[160.0,1293.0,1218.0,1324.0]},{"text":"第三孔音高低于\"H的称为大笛，如大A调、大G调等。按人的手指生理条件，小的可以小到小d调，大","confidence":0.9741,"box":[160.0,1339.0,1226.0,1372.0]},{"text":"的可以大到倍大G调，最低音达到低音谱表下加二间。","confidence":0.9934,"box":[162.0,1390.0,706.0,1416.0]},{"text":"从声学理论上来说，竹笛属于横吹的开管乐器。它的声学特点是，通过人体吹气并经过唇部的控制，","confidence":0.9993,"box":[206.0,1432.0,1216.0,1464.0]},{"text":"使气流成为--束，以斜面的角度射入管的吹端，从而产生迈棱振动，在管内形成驻波，因而发出与管长相","confidence":0.9921,"box":[160.0,1478.0,1226.0,1511.0]},{"text":"对应的频率。凡是以此类形式振动发声的都称为笛类乐器，无论横吹还是竖吹，性质都是一样。我国历史","confidence":0.9915,"box":[160.0,1524.0,1226.0,1557.0]},{"text":"上对于笛是竖吹还是横吹争论不休，箫和笛的概念也混淆不清。其实，它们都是同一性质的乐器。为了区","confidence":0.9933,"box":[161.0,1571.0,1227.0,1602.0]},{"text":"别笛和箫这两个概念，我建议不管历史上的争论，凡是横吹的都称为“笛”、竖吹的则称为“繁”。如果","confidence":0.9795,"box":[160.0,1616.0,1228.0,1648.0]},{"text":"是加上簧振动的，那就不属于笛类乐器。有些人把唢呐也称为“箫”，把管子称为“闷笛”，把黑管也称","confidence":0.9915,"box":[159.0,1662.0,1230.0,1694.0]},{"text":"1","confidence":0.9649,"box":[680.0,1724.0,706.0,1750.0]}],"rawText":"第一讲竹笛的历史沿革和基本演奏方法\n有关笛子的起源、沿革、形制、名称等，历来众说纷纭，这里仅做一个简单的介绍。早在八千年前，\n我国就有了骨制笛子。有横开一个孔、两个孔、三个孔甚至六个孔的笛子（浙江河姆渡出土文物、河南舞\n阳出土文物证明了这一点），至迟到般周时代就有了音阶完整的竹制笛子。汉朝以后，吸取了羌笛的形\n制，称竹笛为“横吹”。嗣后，根据音律学的理论又制成了长短不同的笛子。当时的著名演奏家列和演奏\n的长笛长达三尺二寸。魏晋时期，蔡邕、荀、梁武帝等人制造的十二律笛，都是根据音律的理论制成\n的。这时期已经有了“顺笛”（竖吹，管子里面加一块有槽的木头，一吹就会发音）和“手笛”（高音笛)。\n隋朝有了十二孔笛，一根笛能吹十二个调子。唐朝的吕才制成“尺八”，凡十二枚，在当时颇为流行，并\n随唐朝的雅乐传到口本。唐朝的刘系作-七星管，贴上笛膜以助声，这恐怕是笛子贴膜的最早记载。到了宋\n朝又出现了吹孔在中间、两手交叉起来演奏的“义手笛”，又名“拱宸管”。宋元以后，戏曲盛行，竹笛\n成了戏曲伴奏的重要乐器，伴奏榔子戏的称为“榔笛”，伴奏昆曲的称为“曲笛”，这种称呼一直流传至\n今。由于当时还没有发明计量单位“赫兹”，因而未能标明各种音名的频率高度，所以榔笛、曲笛是什么\n调就很难说清楚。相对而言，短小的称为“榔笛”，第三孔的高度约为f²、g²、a²的，通常称它们为F\n调榔笛、G调榔笛、小a调榔笛，以g2椰笛为中心；较长的则称为“曲笛”，第三孔的高度约为c²、\nc²、d²、e²，以d²曲笛为中心。\n传统的调名称呼，不管笛子长短以及发音的高低，凡是以第三孔(从下数上)作主音1的，统称为“小\n工调”；第四孔作主音的称“凡字调”；第五孔作主音的称“六字调”；第六孔（即顶孔）作主音的称“正\n宫调”；筒音作主音的称“乙字调”；第一孔作主音的称“上字调”；第二孔作主音的称“尺字调”。这\n种命调的方式，只能在六孔竹笛上适用，如果有七个孔就不适用了，而且也不能标出音调的高低。目前生\n产的竹笛，大都标有音名。仍按习惯以第三孔作为命调点，如大C调就是第三子L的音高为c²523，D调就\n是第三孔音高为d²587，这两种都属于曲笛；又如F调榔笛就是第三孔音高是f2698，G调榔笛就是第三\n孔音高为g²784，这两种都属于郴笛；第三孔的音高超过c²的都称为高音小笛，如小c调、小d调等。\n第三孔音高低于\"H的称为大笛，如大A调、大G调等。按人的手指生理条件，小的可以小到小d调，大\n的可以大到倍大G调，最低音达到低音谱表下加二间。\n从声学理论上来说，竹笛属于横吹的开管乐器。它的声学特点是，通过人体吹气并经过唇部的控制，\n使气流成为--束，以斜面的角度射入管的吹端，从而产生迈棱振动，在管内形成驻波，因而发出与管长相\n对应的频率。凡是以此类形式振动发声的都称为笛类乐器，无论横吹还是竖吹，性质都是一样。我国历史\n上对于笛是竖吹还是横吹争论不休，箫和笛的概念也混淆不清。其实，它们都是同一性质的乐器。为了区\n别笛和箫这两个概念，我建议不管历史上的争论，凡是横吹的都称为“笛”、竖吹的则称为“繁”。如果\n是加上簧振动的，那就不属于笛类乐器。有些人把唢呐也称为“箫”，把管子称为“闷笛”，把黑管也称\n1","refined":true,"refinedLines":28,"printedPage":1,"chapter":1,"title":"竹笛的历史沿革和基本演奏方法","segments":[{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/007-00.web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/ 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["有关笛子的起源、沿革、形制、名称等，历来众说纷纭，这里仅做一个简单的介绍。早在八千年前，我国就有了骨制笛子。有横开一个孔、两个孔、三个孔甚至六个孔的笛子（浙江河姆渡出土文物、河南舞阳出土文物证明了这一点），至迟到般周时代就有了音阶完整的竹制笛子。汉朝以后，吸取了羌笛的形制，称竹笛为“横吹”。嗣后，根据音律学的理论又制成了长短不同的笛子。当时的著名演奏家列和演奏的长笛长达三尺二寸。魏晋时期，蔡邕、荀、梁武帝等人制造的十二律笛，都是根据音律的理论制成的。这时期已经有了“顺笛”（竖吹，管子里面加一块有槽的木头，一吹就会发音）和“手笛”（高音笛)。隋朝有了十二孔笛，一根笛能吹十二个调子。唐朝的吕才制成“尺八”，凡十二枚，在当时颇为流行，并随唐朝的雅乐传到口本。唐朝的刘系作-七星管，贴上笛膜以助声，这恐怕是笛子贴膜的最早记载。到了宋朝又出现了吹孔在中间、两手交叉起来演奏的“义手笛”，又名“拱宸管”。宋元以后，戏曲盛行，竹笛成了戏曲伴奏的重要乐器，伴奏榔子戏的称为“榔笛”，伴奏昆曲的称为“曲笛”，这种称呼一直流传至今。由于当时还没有发明计量单位“赫兹”，因而未能标明各种音名的频率高度，所以榔笛、曲笛是什么调就很难说清楚。相对而言，短小的称为“榔笛”，第三孔的高度约为f²、g²、a²的，通常称它们为F调榔笛、G调榔笛、小a调榔笛，以g2椰笛为中心；较长的则称为“曲笛”，第三孔的高度约为c²、"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/007-01-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":598,"box":[162.0,363,1227.0,961],"confidence":0.984},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/007-02.webp","width":354,"height":46,"box":[154,963,508,1009],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["传统的调名称呼，不管笛子长短以及发音的高低，凡是以第三孔(从下数上)作主音1的，统称为“小工调”；第四孔作主音的称“凡字调”；第五孔作主音的称“六字调”；第六孔（即顶孔）作主音的称“正宫调”；筒音作主音的称“乙字调”；第一孔作主音的称“上字调”；第二孔作主音的称“尺字调”。这种命调的方式，只能在六孔竹笛上适用，如果有七个孔就不适用了，而且也不能标出音调的高低。目前生产的竹笛，大都标有音名。仍按习惯以第三孔作为命调点，如大C调就是第三子L的音高为c²523，D调就是第三孔音高为d²587，这两种都属于曲笛；又如F调榔笛就是第三孔音高是f2698，G调榔笛就是第三孔音高为g²784，这两种都属于郴笛；第三孔的音高超过c²的都称为高音小笛，如小c调、小d调等。第三孔音高低于\"H的称为大笛，如大A调、大G调等。按人的手指生理条件，小的可以小到小d调，大的可以大到倍大G调，最低音达到低音谱表下加二间。","从声学理论上来说，竹笛属于横吹的开管乐器。它的声学特点是，通过人体吹气并经过唇部的控制，使气流成为--束，以斜面的角度射入管的吹端，从而产生迈棱振动，在管内形成驻波，因而发出与管长相对应的频率。凡是以此类形式振动发声的都称为笛类乐器，无论横吹还是竖吹，性质都是一样。我国历史上对于笛是竖吹还是横吹争论不休，箫和笛的概念也混淆不清。其实，它们都是同一性质的乐器。为了区别笛和箫这两个概念，我建议不管历史上的争论，凡是横吹的都称为“笛”、竖吹的则称为“繁”。如果是加上簧振动的，那就不属于笛类乐器。有些人把唢呐也称为“箫”，把管子称为“闷笛”，把黑管也称"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/007-03-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":688,"box":[159.0,1011,1230.0,1699],"confidence":0.985},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/007-04.webp","width":29,"height":40,"box":[678,1715,707,1755],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"}],"text":"第一讲竹笛的历史沿革和基本演奏方法\n有关笛子的起源、沿革、形制、名称等，历来众说纷纭，这里仅做一个简单的介绍。早在八千年前，\n我国就有了骨制笛子。有横开一个孔、两个孔、三个孔甚至六个孔的笛子（浙江河姆渡出土文物、河南舞\n阳出土文物证明了这一点），至迟到般周时代就有了音阶完整的竹制笛子。汉朝以后，吸取了羌笛的形\n制，称竹笛为“横吹”。嗣后，根据音律学的理论又制成了长短不同的笛子。当时的著名演奏家列和演奏\n的长笛长达三尺二寸。魏晋时期，蔡邕、荀、梁武帝等人制造的十二律笛，都是根据音律的理论制成\n的。这时期已经有了“顺笛”（竖吹，管子里面加一块有槽的木头，一吹就会发音）和“手笛”（高音笛)。\n隋朝有了十二孔笛，一根笛能吹十二个调子。唐朝的吕才制成“尺八”，凡十二枚，在当时颇为流行，并\n随唐朝的雅乐传到口本。唐朝的刘系作-七星管，贴上笛膜以助声，这恐怕是笛子贴膜的最早记载。到了宋\n朝又出现了吹孔在中间、两手交叉起来演奏的“义手笛”，又名“拱宸管”。宋元以后，戏曲盛行，竹笛\n成了戏曲伴奏的重要乐器，伴奏榔子戏的称为“榔笛”，伴奏昆曲的称为“曲笛”，这种称呼一直流传至\n今。由于当时还没有发明计量单位“赫兹”，因而未能标明各种音名的频率高度，所以榔笛、曲笛是什么\n调就很难说清楚。相对而言，短小的称为“榔笛”，第三孔的高度约为f²、g²、a²的，通常称它们为F\n调榔笛、G调榔笛、小a调榔笛，以g2椰笛为中心；较长的则称为“曲笛”，第三孔的高度约为c²、\nc²、d²、e²，以d²曲笛为中心。\n传统的调名称呼，不管笛子长短以及发音的高低，凡是以第三孔(从下数上)作主音1的，统称为“小\n工调”；第四孔作主音的称“凡字调”；第五孔作主音的称“六字调”；第六孔（即顶孔）作主音的称“正\n宫调”；筒音作主音的称“乙字调”；第一孔作主音的称“上字调”；第二孔作主音的称“尺字调”。这\n种命调的方式，只能在六孔竹笛上适用，如果有七个孔就不适用了，而且也不能标出音调的高低。目前生\n产的竹笛，大都标有音名。仍按习惯以第三孔作为命调点，如大C调就是第三子L的音高为c²523，D调就\n是第三孔音高为d²587，这两种都属于曲笛；又如F调榔笛就是第三孔音高是f2698，G调榔笛就是第三\n孔音高为g²784，这两种都属于郴笛；第三孔的音高超过c²的都称为高音小笛，如小c调、小d调等。\n第三孔音高低于\"H的称为大笛，如大A调、大G调等。按人的手指生理条件，小的可以小到小d调，大\n的可以大到倍大G调，最低音达到低音谱表下加二间。\n从声学理论上来说，竹笛属于横吹的开管乐器。它的声学特点是，通过人体吹气并经过唇部的控制，\n使气流成为--束，以斜面的角度射入管的吹端，从而产生迈棱振动，在管内形成驻波，因而发出与管长相\n对应的频率。凡是以此类形式振动发声的都称为笛类乐器，无论横吹还是竖吹，性质都是一样。我国历史\n上对于笛是竖吹还是横吹争论不休，箫和笛的概念也混淆不清。其实，它们都是同一性质的乐器。为了区\n别笛和箫这两个概念，我建议不管历史上的争论，凡是横吹的都称为“笛”、竖吹的则称为“繁”。如果\n是加上簧振动的，那就不属于笛类乐器。有些人把唢呐也称为“箫”，把管子称为“闷笛”，把黑管也称","kind":"图文"},{"page":8,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/008.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/008.webp","lines":[{"text":"为“竖笛”，这显然是不妥当的。","confidence":0.9991,"box":[141.0,273.0,481.0,308.0]},{"text":"中国竹笛经历了几千年的变化和发展，至今还在不断变化发展着。我们不必急于求得有.-个统一的规","confidence":0.9734,"box":[187.0,300.0,1212.0,353.0]},{"text":"格，要避免带着一个框框去进行“改革”，而是应该从实际需要出发，进行各种各样的尝试，逐步地按照","confidence":0.9987,"box":[141.0,347.0,1213.0,401.0]},{"text":"艺术科学的标准，使它进-一步完善起来。","confidence":0.9848,"box":[144.0,411.0,549.0,447.0]},{"text":"既然竹笛是一件还在发展中的乐器，因此，在开始练习这种乐器时，就要对此有所准备：","confidence":0.9988,"box":[189.0,443.0,1085.0,493.0]},{"text":"1.注意两手的拇指、小指，不要放任自流，除了摆好位置外，还要有意识地培养它们的活动能力。","confidence":0.9951,"box":[190.0,486.0,1185.0,539.0]},{"text":"2.注意练耳。培养多种律的音乐感觉，，不要停留在五声音阶或单一的律制止。","confidence":0.9849,"box":[191.0,538.0,977.0,585.0]},{"text":"3.除简谱外，要学会看线谱，首调的观念和固定调的观念都要训练。","confidence":0.9978,"box":[192.0,587.0,884.0,631.0]},{"text":"从目前的情况来说，对如何进行改革、统一规格等问题，还没有一致的认识。因此，在学习这种乐器","confidence":0.9993,"box":[194.0,625.0,1219.0,678.0]},{"text":"时，应该尽可能多方面地了解，对各种类型的笛子以及各种演技，首先要有一个学习、继承的过程，然后","confidence":0.9993,"box":[148.0,671.0,1219.0,724.0]},{"text":"才会有提高和发展的过程。","confidence":0.9993,"box":[149.0,739.0,419.0,771.0]},{"text":"练习前要准备好常用笛一套，以大C调曲笛为主，以便对照录音进行训练。","confidence":0.9978,"box":[197.0,771.0,954.0,817.0]},{"text":"大C调笛的音域为：基音g392一c2092（见图1)。","confidence":0.956,"box":[197.0,825.0,685.0,863.0]},{"text":"中","confidence":0.3809,"box":[796.0,844.0,826.0,864.0]},{"text":"图1大C调笛的音域","confidence":0.9972,"box":[590.0,968.0,813.0,1000.0]},{"text":"笛子的各部分名称（大小笛子都一样（见图2)：","confidence":0.9608,"box":[203.0,1010.0,674.0,1046.0]},{"text":"O","confidence":0.5557,"box":[967.0,1060.0,983.0,1078.0]},{"text":"ooooo","confidence":0.4557,"box":[518.0,1063.0,753.0,1095.0]},{"text":"V","confidence":0.7498,"box":[952.0,1143.0,972.0,1166.0]},{"text":"笛吹膜第第第第第第","confidence":0.997,"box":[403.0,1170.0,841.0,1215.0]},{"text":"基","confidence":0.9963,"box":[865.0,1173.0,892.0,1202.0]},{"text":"辅","confidence":0.9999,"box":[948.0,1171.0,975.0,1197.0]},{"text":"音","confidence":0.7402,"box":[865.0,1191.0,894.0,1223.0]},{"text":"助","confidence":0.9987,"box":[949.0,1193.0,974.0,1220.0]},{"text":"塞孔","confidence":0.9982,"box":[404.0,1205.0,495.0,1236.0]},{"text":"電孔","confidence":0.6174,"box":[498.0,1206.0,572.0,1230.0]},{"text":"六五四三，","confidence":0.8764,"box":[611.0,1199.0,779.0,1230.0]},{"text":"二","confidence":0.9737,"box":[773.0,1201.0,798.0,1222.0]},{"text":"音","confidence":0.9994,"box":[949.0,1215.0,975.0,1246.0]},{"text":"孔孔孔孔孔孔","confidence":0.9997,"box":[613.0,1219.0,840.0,1252.0]},{"text":"双","confidence":1.0,"box":[866.0,1219.0,893.0,1244.0]},{"text":"孔","confidence":0.9999,"box":[949.0,1239.0,975.0,1266.0]},{"text":"孔","confidence":1.0,"box":[867.0,1242.0,895.0,1267.0]},{"text":"图2笛子的各部分名称","confidence":0.9992,"box":[575.0,1255.0,818.0,1286.0]},{"text":"基本调第三孔作1（首调唱名），即小工调，指法如下：","confidence":0.9952,"box":[209.0,1284.0,757.0,1324.0]},{"text":"1开第-·、二、三孔","confidence":0.964,"box":[726.0,1317.0,940.0,1350.0]},{"text":"5全按","confidence":0.9998,"box":[305.0,1330.0,385.0,1366.0]},{"text":"2开第一、二、三、四孔","confidence":0.999,"box":[727.0,1355.0,988.0,1391.0]},{"text":"6开第一孔","confidence":0.9991,"box":[306.0,1368.0,431.0,1405.0]},{"text":"3开第一、二、三、四、五孔","confidence":0.9995,"box":[728.0,1394.0,1036.0,1429.0]},{"text":"？开第一、二孔","confidence":0.9684,"box":[306.0,1405.0,478.0,1446.0]},{"text":"4开第一、六孔（4常用开半孔法吹奏)","confidence":0.9599,"box":[729.0,1430.0,1129.0,1468.0]},{"text":"1开第一、二、三孔","confidence":0.9955,"box":[310.0,1444.0,524.0,1482.0]},{"text":"5开第六孔","confidence":0.9999,"box":[728.0,1475.0,852.0,1508.0]},{"text":"2 开第一、二、三、四孔","confidence":0.9628,"box":[311.0,1482.0,572.0,1521.0]},{"text":"6开第一、四孔","confidence":0.9575,"box":[729.0,1513.0,899.0,1549.0]},{"text":"3开第一、二、三、四、五孔","confidence":0.9991,"box":[311.0,1521.0,619.0,1560.0]},{"text":"7开第二、五孔","confidence":0.9918,"box":[730.0,1553.0,899.0,1586.0]},{"text":"4开第一、二、三、六孔","confidence":0.9995,"box":[313.0,1560.0,576.0,1599.0]},{"text":"1开第二、三、五孔","confidence":0.9994,"box":[732.0,1592.0,947.0,1625.0]},{"text":"5全按，也可开第六孔","confidence":0.999,"box":[314.0,1602.0,551.0,1636.0]},{"text":"2开第一、六孔","confidence":0.9983,"box":[732.0,1631.0,891.0,1666.0]},{"text":"6开第一孔","confidence":0.9992,"box":[315.0,1642.0,438.0,1677.0]},{"text":"7开第一、二孔","confidence":0.9906,"box":[316.0,1682.0,484.0,1716.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9997,"box":[700.0,1732.0,716.0,1754.0]}],"rawText":"为“竖笛”，这显然是不妥当的。\n中国竹笛经历了几千年的变化和发展，至今还在不断变化发展着。我们不必急于求得有.-个统一的规\n格，要避免带着一个框框去进行“改革”，而是应该从实际需要出发，进行各种各样的尝试，逐步地按照\n艺术科学的标准，使它进-一步完善起来。\n既然竹笛是一件还在发展中的乐器，因此，在开始练习这种乐器时，就要对此有所准备：\n1.注意两手的拇指、小指，不要放任自流，除了摆好位置外，还要有意识地培养它们的活动能力。\n2.注意练耳。培养多种律的音乐感觉，，不要停留在五声音阶或单一的律制止。\n3.除简谱外，要学会看线谱，首调的观念和固定调的观念都要训练。\n从目前的情况来说，对如何进行改革、统一规格等问题，还没有一致的认识。因此，在学习这种乐器\n时，应该尽可能多方面地了解，对各种类型的笛子以及各种演技，首先要有一个学习、继承的过程，然后\n才会有提高和发展的过程。\n练习前要准备好常用笛一套，以大C调曲笛为主，以便对照录音进行训练。\n大C调笛的音域为：基音g392一c2092（见图1)。\n中\n图1大C调笛的音域\n笛子的各部分名称（大小笛子都一样（见图2)：\nO\nooooo\nV\n笛吹膜第第第第第第\n基\n辅\n音\n助\n塞孔\n電孔\n六五四三，\n二\n音\n孔孔孔孔孔孔\n双\n孔\n孔\n图2笛子的各部分名称\n基本调第三孔作1（首调唱名），即小工调，指法如下：\n1开第-·、二、三孔\n5全按\n2开第一、二、三、四孔\n6开第一孔\n3开第一、二、三、四、五孔\n？开第一、二孔\n4开第一、六孔（4常用开半孔法吹奏)\n1开第一、二、三孔\n5开第六孔\n2 开第一、二、三、四孔\n6开第一、四孔\n3开第一、二、三、四、五孔\n7开第二、五孔\n4开第一、二、三、六孔\n1开第二、三、五孔\n5全按，也可开第六孔\n2开第一、六孔\n6开第一孔\n7开第一、二孔\n2","refined":true,"refinedLines":9,"printedPage":2,"chapter":1,"title":"竹笛的历史沿革和基本演奏方法","segments":[{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/008-00.webp","width":351,"height":32,"box":[135,263,486,295],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["中国竹笛经历了几千年的变化和发展，至今还在不断变化发展着。我们不必急于求得有.-个统一的规格，要避免带着一个框框去进行“改革”，而是应该从实际需要出发，进行各种各样的尝试，逐步地按照艺术科学的标准，使它进-一步完善起来。","既然竹笛是一件还在发展中的乐器，因此，在开始练习这种乐器时，就要对此有所准备：","1.注意两手的拇指、小指，不要放任自流，除了摆好位置外，还要有意识地培养它们的活动能力。","2.注意练耳。培养多种律的音乐感觉，，不要停留在五声音阶或单一的律制止。","3.除简谱外，要学会看线谱，首调的观念和固定调的观念都要训练。","从目前的情况来说，对如何进行改革、统一规格等问题，还没有一致的认识。因此，在学习这种乐器时，应该尽可能多方面地了解，对各种类型的笛子以及各种演技，首先要有一个学习、继承的过程，然后才会有提高和发展的过程。","练习前要准备好常用笛一套，以大C调曲笛为主，以便对照录音进行训练。"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/008-01-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":527,"box":[141.0,295,1219.0,822],"confidence":0.994},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/008-02.webp","width":949,"height":939,"box":[188,822,1137,1761],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"}],"text":"为“竖笛”，这显然是不妥当的。\n中国竹笛经历了几千年的变化和发展，至今还在不断变化发展着。我们不必急于求得有.-个统一的规\n格，要避免带着一个框框去进行“改革”，而是应该从实际需要出发，进行各种各样的尝试，逐步地按照\n艺术科学的标准，使它进-一步完善起来。\n既然竹笛是一件还在发展中的乐器，因此，在开始练习这种乐器时，就要对此有所准备：\n1.注意两手的拇指、小指，不要放任自流，除了摆好位置外，还要有意识地培养它们的活动能力。\n2.注意练耳。培养多种律的音乐感觉，，不要停留在五声音阶或单一的律制止。\n3.除简谱外，要学会看线谱，首调的观念和固定调的观念都要训练。\n从目前的情况来说，对如何进行改革、统一规格等问题，还没有一致的认识。因此，在学习这种乐器\n时，应该尽可能多方面地了解，对各种类型的笛子以及各种演技，首先要有一个学习、继承的过程，然后\n才会有提高和发展的过程。\n练习前要准备好常用笛一套，以大C调曲笛为主，以便对照录音进行训练。\n大C调笛的音域为：基音g392一c2092（见图1)。\n图1大C调笛的音域\n笛子的各部分名称（大小笛子都一样（见图2)：\n笛吹膜第第第第第第\n塞孔\n電孔\n六五四三，\n孔孔孔孔孔孔\n图2笛子的各部分名称\n基本调第三孔作1（首调唱名），即小工调，指法如下：\n1开第-·、二、三孔\n5全按\n2开第一、二、三、四孔\n6开第一孔\n3开第一、二、三、四、五孔\n？开第一、二孔\n4开第一、六孔（4常用开半孔法吹奏)\n1开第一、二、三孔\n5开第六孔\n2 开第一、二、三、四孔\n6开第一、四孔\n3开第一、二、三、四、五孔\n7开第二、五孔\n4开第一、二、三、六孔\n1开第二、三、五孔\n5全按，也可开第六孔\n2开第一、六孔\n6开第一孔\n7开第一、二孔","kind":"图文"},{"page":9,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/009.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/009.webp","lines":[{"text":"如有不同情况，以音准为前提。","confidence":0.999,"box":[186.0,254.0,478.0,280.0]},{"text":"演奏姿势要领：","confidence":0.9964,"box":[184.0,300.0,329.0,327.0]},{"text":"风门正，笛身平，头要直，胸要挺。","confidence":0.99,"box":[230.0,347.0,609.0,373.0]},{"text":"拇指小指相扶持，","confidence":0.9984,"box":[229.0,393.0,408.0,420.0]},{"text":"莫使笛子柳摇金。","confidence":0.9956,"box":[432.0,393.0,609.0,420.0]},{"text":"虎口之间可容蛋，","confidence":0.9994,"box":[230.0,440.0,403.0,466.0]},{"text":"关节舒畅手才灵。","confidence":0.9995,"box":[432.0,440.0,609.0,466.0]},{"text":"六指按孔要严密，","confidence":0.9995,"box":[228.0,485.0,409.0,515.0]},{"text":"指指放松成弧形。","confidence":0.9995,"box":[431.0,484.0,609.0,514.0]},{"text":"高低起落有规格，","confidence":0.9997,"box":[229.0,531.0,404.0,561.0]},{"text":"多余动作丢于净。","confidence":0.8999,"box":[433.0,533.0,608.0,560.0]},{"text":"口劲松紧随我意，","confidence":0.9974,"box":[231.0,580.0,403.0,606.0]},{"text":"口风粗细由我心。","confidence":0.9984,"box":[433.0,580.0,608.0,606.0]},{"text":"双臂张开四十五，青龙白虎全都行。","confidence":0.997,"box":[228.0,625.0,606.0,653.0]},{"text":"图3正确的演奏姿势","confidence":0.9994,"box":[323.0,989.0,547.0,1012.0]},{"text":"图4正确的持笛姿势","confidence":0.9991,"box":[784.0,987.0,1003.0,1013.0]},{"text":"图5正确的口风","confidence":0.9989,"box":[362.0,1322.0,536.0,1349.0]},{"text":"图6正确的于指姿势","confidence":0.9941,"box":[784.0,1321.0,1004.0,1347.0]},{"text":"关于演奏姿势的几点说明：","confidence":0.9982,"box":[176.0,1386.0,442.0,1412.0]},{"text":"1.风门的形状受生理条件支配，有的天生不正，有的唇过厚而不规则。如果超出了限度，那就不宜","confidence":0.9944,"box":[174.0,1430.0,1201.0,1459.0]},{"text":"学吹笛子；如果不严重，则-般可以找到合适的位置。","confidence":0.982,"box":[133.0,1480.0,675.0,1506.0]},{"text":"2.拇指的位置摆法有不同，有的上手拇指远离食指，托住笛身，这种摆法的优点是上手食指较灵","confidence":0.9966,"box":[173.0,1523.0,1199.0,1552.0]},{"text":"活，缺点是拇指处不能开孔，圆滑的性能要差一些。总的要求是要使关节放松，才能使手指灵活。","confidence":0.9887,"box":[130.0,1570.0,1118.0,1597.0]},{"text":"3.小指要轻轻贴住笛身，这不但是持笛的需要，也是将来增加音孔时的需要。","confidence":0.998,"box":[175.0,1618.0,960.0,1644.0]},{"text":"4.手指放松成弧形，按笛孔的手指忌僵直，僵直则缺乏弹性。笛子有大小，因此手指的弧度也要随","confidence":0.9883,"box":[174.0,1662.0,1201.0,1690.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.999,"box":[655.0,1720.0,671.0,1740.0]}],"rawText":"如有不同情况，以音准为前提。\n演奏姿势要领：\n风门正，笛身平，头要直，胸要挺。\n拇指小指相扶持，\n莫使笛子柳摇金。\n虎口之间可容蛋，\n关节舒畅手才灵。\n六指按孔要严密，\n指指放松成弧形。\n高低起落有规格，\n多余动作丢于净。\n口劲松紧随我意，\n口风粗细由我心。\n双臂张开四十五，青龙白虎全都行。\n图3正确的演奏姿势\n图4正确的持笛姿势\n图5正确的口风\n图6正确的于指姿势\n关于演奏姿势的几点说明：\n1.风门的形状受生理条件支配，有的天生不正，有的唇过厚而不规则。如果超出了限度，那就不宜\n学吹笛子；如果不严重，则-般可以找到合适的位置。\n2.拇指的位置摆法有不同，有的上手拇指远离食指，托住笛身，这种摆法的优点是上手食指较灵\n活，缺点是拇指处不能开孔，圆滑的性能要差一些。总的要求是要使关节放松，才能使手指灵活。\n3.小指要轻轻贴住笛身，这不但是持笛的需要，也是将来增加音孔时的需要。\n4.手指放松成弧形，按笛孔的手指忌僵直，僵直则缺乏弹性。笛子有大小，因此手指的弧度也要随\n3","refined":true,"refinedLines":5,"printedPage":3,"chapter":1,"title":"竹笛的历史沿革和基本演奏方法","segments":[{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/009-00.webp","width":891,"height":1178,"box":[166,244,1057,1422],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["1.风门的形状受生理条件支配，有的天生不正，有的唇过厚而不规则。如果超出了限度，那就不宜学吹笛子；如果不严重，则-般可以找到合适的位置。","2.拇指的位置摆法有不同，有的上手拇指远离食指，托住笛身，这种摆法的优点是上手食指较灵活，缺点是拇指处不能开孔，圆滑的性能要差一些。总的要求是要使关节放松，才能使手指灵活。","3.小指要轻轻贴住笛身，这不但是持笛的需要，也是将来增加音孔时的需要。","4.手指放松成弧形，按笛孔的手指忌僵直，僵直则缺乏弹性。笛子有大小，因此手指的弧度也要随"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/009-01-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":270,"box":[130.0,1425,1201.0,1695],"confidence":0.991},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/009-02.webp","width":34,"height":40,"box":[646,1709,680,1749],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"}],"text":"如有不同情况，以音准为前提。\n演奏姿势要领：\n风门正，笛身平，头要直，胸要挺。\n拇指小指相扶持，\n莫使笛子柳摇金。\n虎口之间可容蛋，\n关节舒畅手才灵。\n六指按孔要严密，\n指指放松成弧形。\n高低起落有规格，\n多余动作丢于净。\n口劲松紧随我意，\n口风粗细由我心。\n双臂张开四十五，青龙白虎全都行。\n图3正确的演奏姿势\n图4正确的持笛姿势\n图5正确的口风\n图6正确的于指姿势\n关于演奏姿势的几点说明：\n1.风门的形状受生理条件支配，有的天生不正，有的唇过厚而不规则。如果超出了限度，那就不宜\n学吹笛子；如果不严重，则-般可以找到合适的位置。\n2.拇指的位置摆法有不同，有的上手拇指远离食指，托住笛身，这种摆法的优点是上手食指较灵\n活，缺点是拇指处不能开孔，圆滑的性能要差一些。总的要求是要使关节放松，才能使手指灵活。\n3.小指要轻轻贴住笛身，这不但是持笛的需要，也是将来增加音孔时的需要。\n4.手指放松成弧形，按笛孔的手指忌僵直，僵直则缺乏弹性。笛子有大小，因此手指的弧度也要随","kind":"图文"},{"page":10,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/010.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/010.webp","lines":[{"text":"着改变。吹小笛时按在指尖上，吹中笛时按在指肚上，吹大笛时按在手指的一、二节之间。手指有长短，","confidence":0.9952,"box":[156.0,257.0,1215.0,300.0]},{"text":"位置不能强求一律。吹较大的笛子时上手食指可轻托住笛子，以使关节放松。","confidence":0.998,"box":[157.0,308.0,938.0,347.0]},{"text":"5.多余动作丢干净。多余动作指的是一些不必要的手指小动作，如“兰花”手指、屈指、移指等。","confidence":0.9967,"box":[203.0,350.0,1200.0,393.0]},{"text":"高低起落有规格，指的是开放音孔时，手指离音孔的距离，正常情况远不要超过三公分，近不要小于","confidence":0.9992,"box":[205.0,396.0,1228.0,439.0]},{"text":"二公分。过远则影响速度，过近则影响音高。","confidence":0.9996,"box":[159.0,454.0,613.0,486.0]},{"text":"6.青龙白虎全都行，指传统的持笛姿势“左青龙、右白虎”，是为了行街演奏时对称好看。六孔竹","confidence":0.998,"box":[204.0,489.0,1230.0,533.0]},{"text":"笛，向左向右都-~样，但由于国际上管乐器的结构都向右，因此初学者以向右为宜，如已学成向左，则不","confidence":0.9826,"box":[159.0,535.0,1231.0,579.0]},{"text":"必改动。","confidence":0.9999,"box":[162.0,602.0,243.0,623.0]},{"text":"训练按下列程序：","confidence":0.9979,"box":[209.0,645.0,384.0,671.0]},{"text":"1.准备好一根发音准确的笛子，第三孔为C。请注意笛子的发音一定要准确，要请耳朵好的老师检","confidence":0.997,"box":[207.0,675.0,1232.0,718.0]},{"text":"验通过才能用。十二岁以下的儿童，可以先用适合手指生理条件的笛子（如F调或G调榔笛）进行练习。","confidence":0.9858,"box":[162.0,722.0,1201.0,764.0]},{"text":"2.切实端正好姿势，在严格的指导下进行。","confidence":0.9983,"box":[208.0,778.0,646.0,810.0]},{"text":"3.特别要注意吹笛的口形。正确的口形可以参考坐禅的姿势：全身肌肉放松，脸部肌肉更要放松，","confidence":0.9977,"box":[208.0,814.0,1223.0,856.0]},{"text":"不皱眉、不闭眼、双眉下垂、含蓄的微笑是口形的要领。在发“雨”、“鱼”这两个字音中去找吹气的两","confidence":0.9823,"box":[162.0,857.0,1236.0,905.0]},{"text":"唇位置。双手合掌放在胸前，将气吹人双手掌的中间，手背上不要感觉到有气流，头部不要向下，上唇稍","confidence":0.9945,"box":[164.0,906.0,1235.0,949.0]},{"text":"向前，但决不要包住下唇，整个口腔没有任何紧张不自然的感觉，双唇不要向外拉。","confidence":0.9985,"box":[165.0,956.0,1017.0,995.0]},{"text":"4.将笛子轻轻地贴在唇下，试吹，找到好听的声音（在严格的指导下进行），然后将手指从上到下，","confidence":0.979,"box":[210.0,999.0,1226.0,1040.0]},{"text":"逐个按上去检验能否全部吹响。注意手指的姿势是否严密、是否放松。","confidence":0.9992,"box":[166.0,1051.0,877.0,1087.0]},{"text":"以上是初学吹笛的第一课，它对今后的训练有着非常重要的启蒙作用。","confidence":0.999,"box":[215.0,1096.0,923.0,1133.0]},{"text":"宁可慢，但要正确，一字一句地首先练习好小工调的五声音阶。学习的重点，第一是姿势，特别是口","confidence":0.9954,"box":[216.0,1137.0,1237.0,1179.0]},{"text":"形；第二是指法，对照口诀逐条检查；第三是五声音阶的音准，可以与唱结合起来训练，一般的初学者都","confidence":0.9971,"box":[168.0,1183.0,1239.0,1226.0]},{"text":"能唱准五声音阶，却吹不准；第四是要找到最好听的音色。然后就是节奏及熟练程度等。","confidence":0.9981,"box":[170.0,1231.0,1091.0,1272.0]},{"text":"教材：","confidence":0.9994,"box":[217.0,1291.0,279.0,1316.0]},{"text":"1.五声音阶练习曲。","confidence":0.9883,"box":[217.0,1334.0,421.0,1365.0]},{"text":"2.快速的五声音阶练习曲。","confidence":0.9992,"box":[216.0,1380.0,492.0,1411.0]},{"text":"3.正宫调换调练习。","confidence":0.9889,"box":[217.0,1426.0,421.0,1457.0]},{"text":"4.民间小调及小工、正官翻调练习。人八板、八段锦、四季歌、五更调、句句双、龙虎斗、小开门、","confidence":0.9828,"box":[218.0,1460.0,1231.0,1503.0]},{"text":"紫竹调。","confidence":0.9997,"box":[174.0,1523.0,258.0,1550.0]},{"text":"这一讲为业余吹笛者的启蒙教材，训练得法的话，一个月的时间大概可以完成。同时，由于这些小调","confidence":0.9989,"box":[220.0,1553.0,1244.0,1595.0]},{"text":"都是非常流行的传统乐曲，训练起来不致枯燥无味。但是，请务必记住训练的重点，这样才能使开头的第","confidence":0.9954,"box":[175.0,1598.0,1244.0,1641.0]},{"text":"一步就朝着艺术的殿堂之门循序渐进。","confidence":0.9904,"box":[176.0,1657.0,558.0,1686.0]},{"text":"4","confidence":0.9998,"box":[701.0,1729.0,721.0,1752.0]}],"rawText":"着改变。吹小笛时按在指尖上，吹中笛时按在指肚上，吹大笛时按在手指的一、二节之间。手指有长短，\n位置不能强求一律。吹较大的笛子时上手食指可轻托住笛子，以使关节放松。\n5.多余动作丢干净。多余动作指的是一些不必要的手指小动作，如“兰花”手指、屈指、移指等。\n高低起落有规格，指的是开放音孔时，手指离音孔的距离，正常情况远不要超过三公分，近不要小于\n二公分。过远则影响速度，过近则影响音高。\n6.青龙白虎全都行，指传统的持笛姿势“左青龙、右白虎”，是为了行街演奏时对称好看。六孔竹\n笛，向左向右都-~样，但由于国际上管乐器的结构都向右，因此初学者以向右为宜，如已学成向左，则不\n必改动。\n训练按下列程序：\n1.准备好一根发音准确的笛子，第三孔为C。请注意笛子的发音一定要准确，要请耳朵好的老师检\n验通过才能用。十二岁以下的儿童，可以先用适合手指生理条件的笛子（如F调或G调榔笛）进行练习。\n2.切实端正好姿势，在严格的指导下进行。\n3.特别要注意吹笛的口形。正确的口形可以参考坐禅的姿势：全身肌肉放松，脸部肌肉更要放松，\n不皱眉、不闭眼、双眉下垂、含蓄的微笑是口形的要领。在发“雨”、“鱼”这两个字音中去找吹气的两\n唇位置。双手合掌放在胸前，将气吹人双手掌的中间，手背上不要感觉到有气流，头部不要向下，上唇稍\n向前，但决不要包住下唇，整个口腔没有任何紧张不自然的感觉，双唇不要向外拉。\n4.将笛子轻轻地贴在唇下，试吹，找到好听的声音（在严格的指导下进行），然后将手指从上到下，\n逐个按上去检验能否全部吹响。注意手指的姿势是否严密、是否放松。\n以上是初学吹笛的第一课，它对今后的训练有着非常重要的启蒙作用。\n宁可慢，但要正确，一字一句地首先练习好小工调的五声音阶。学习的重点，第一是姿势，特别是口\n形；第二是指法，对照口诀逐条检查；第三是五声音阶的音准，可以与唱结合起来训练，一般的初学者都\n能唱准五声音阶，却吹不准；第四是要找到最好听的音色。然后就是节奏及熟练程度等。\n教材：\n1.五声音阶练习曲。\n2.快速的五声音阶练习曲。\n3.正宫调换调练习。\n4.民间小调及小工、正官翻调练习。人八板、八段锦、四季歌、五更调、句句双、龙虎斗、小开门、\n紫竹调。\n这一讲为业余吹笛者的启蒙教材，训练得法的话，一个月的时间大概可以完成。同时，由于这些小调\n都是非常流行的传统乐曲，训练起来不致枯燥无味。但是，请务必记住训练的重点，这样才能使开头的第\n一步就朝着艺术的殿堂之门循序渐进。\n4","refined":true,"refinedLines":21,"printedPage":4,"chapter":1,"title":"竹笛的历史沿革和基本演奏方法","segments":[{"type":"text","paragraphs":["着改变。吹小笛时按在指尖上，吹中笛时按在指肚上，吹大笛时按在手指的一、二节之间。手指有长短，位置不能强求一律。吹较大的笛子时上手食指可轻托住笛子，以使关节放松。","5.多余动作丢干净。多余动作指的是一些不必要的手指小动作，如“兰花”手指、屈指、移指等。","高低起落有规格，指的是开放音孔时，手指离音孔的距离，正常情况远不要超过三公分，近不要小于二公分。过远则影响速度，过近则影响音高。","6.青龙白虎全都行，指传统的持笛姿势“左青龙、右白虎”，是为了行街演奏时对称好看。六孔竹笛，向左向右都-~样，但由于国际上管乐器的结构都向右，因此初学者以向右为宜，如已学成向左，则不"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/010-00-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":332,"box":[156.0,252,1231.0,584],"confidence":0.996},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/010-01.webp","width":240,"height":83,"box":[149,587,389,670],"label":"谱例 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图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["这一讲为业余吹笛者的启蒙教材，训练得法的话，一个月的时间大概可以完成。同时，由于这些小调都是非常流行的传统乐曲，训练起来不致枯燥无味。但是，请务必记住训练的重点，这样才能使开头的第一步就朝着艺术的殿堂之门循序渐进。"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/010-04-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":143,"box":[175.0,1548,1244.0,1691],"confidence":0.995},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/010-05.webp","width":266,"height":40,"box":[693,1718,959,1758],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"}],"text":"着改变。吹小笛时按在指尖上，吹中笛时按在指肚上，吹大笛时按在手指的一、二节之间。手指有长短，\n位置不能强求一律。吹较大的笛子时上手食指可轻托住笛子，以使关节放松。\n5.多余动作丢干净。多余动作指的是一些不必要的手指小动作，如“兰花”手指、屈指、移指等。\n高低起落有规格，指的是开放音孔时，手指离音孔的距离，正常情况远不要超过三公分，近不要小于\n二公分。过远则影响速度，过近则影响音高。\n6.青龙白虎全都行，指传统的持笛姿势“左青龙、右白虎”，是为了行街演奏时对称好看。六孔竹\n笛，向左向右都-~样，但由于国际上管乐器的结构都向右，因此初学者以向右为宜，如已学成向左，则不\n必改动。\n训练按下列程序：\n1.准备好一根发音准确的笛子，第三孔为C。请注意笛子的发音一定要准确，要请耳朵好的老师检\n验通过才能用。十二岁以下的儿童，可以先用适合手指生理条件的笛子（如F调或G调榔笛）进行练习。\n2.切实端正好姿势，在严格的指导下进行。\n3.特别要注意吹笛的口形。正确的口形可以参考坐禅的姿势：全身肌肉放松，脸部肌肉更要放松，\n不皱眉、不闭眼、双眉下垂、含蓄的微笑是口形的要领。在发“雨”、“鱼”这两个字音中去找吹气的两\n唇位置。双手合掌放在胸前，将气吹人双手掌的中间，手背上不要感觉到有气流，头部不要向下，上唇稍\n向前，但决不要包住下唇，整个口腔没有任何紧张不自然的感觉，双唇不要向外拉。\n4.将笛子轻轻地贴在唇下，试吹，找到好听的声音（在严格的指导下进行），然后将手指从上到下，\n逐个按上去检验能否全部吹响。注意手指的姿势是否严密、是否放松。\n以上是初学吹笛的第一课，它对今后的训练有着非常重要的启蒙作用。\n宁可慢，但要正确，一字一句地首先练习好小工调的五声音阶。学习的重点，第一是姿势，特别是口\n形；第二是指法，对照口诀逐条检查；第三是五声音阶的音准，可以与唱结合起来训练，一般的初学者都\n能唱准五声音阶，却吹不准；第四是要找到最好听的音色。然后就是节奏及熟练程度等。\n教材：\n1.五声音阶练习曲。\n2.快速的五声音阶练习曲。\n3.正宫调换调练习。\n4.民间小调及小工、正官翻调练习。人八板、八段锦、四季歌、五更调、句句双、龙虎斗、小开门、\n紫竹调。\n这一讲为业余吹笛者的启蒙教材，训练得法的话，一个月的时间大概可以完成。同时，由于这些小调\n都是非常流行的传统乐曲，训练起来不致枯燥无味。但是，请务必记住训练的重点，这样才能使开头的第\n一步就朝着艺术的殿堂之门循序渐进。","kind":"图文"},{"page":11,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/011.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/011.webp","lines":[{"text":"五声音阶练习","confidence":0.9995,"box":[614.0,271.0,824.0,308.0]},{"text":"筒音5小工调","confidence":0.9223,"box":[185.0,316.0,322.0,346.0]},{"text":"56","confidence":0.9948,"box":[183.0,419.0,240.0,449.0]},{"text":"1","confidence":0.9946,"box":[264.0,422.0,287.0,444.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9965,"box":[540.0,424.0,557.0,445.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9994,"box":[643.0,422.0,681.0,445.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9993,"box":[939.0,426.0,951.0,442.0]},{"text":"35","confidence":0.999,"box":[981.0,421.0,1041.0,446.0]},{"text":"+","confidence":0.4351,"box":[1116.0,430.0,1124.0,440.0]},{"text":"23","confidence":0.9896,"box":[182.0,525.0,239.0,554.0]},{"text":"56","confidence":0.9995,"box":[262.0,525.0,322.0,554.0]},{"text":"35","confidence":0.9997,"box":[536.0,528.0,598.0,553.0]},{"text":"6i","confidence":0.9487,"box":[612.0,523.0,678.0,551.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.7534,"box":[754.0,531.0,762.0,546.0]},{"text":"5.6","confidence":0.86,"box":[896.0,527.0,959.0,555.0]},{"text":"√","confidence":0.8067,"box":[856.0,594.0,868.0,607.0]},{"text":"6i","confidence":0.9194,"box":[181.0,611.0,240.0,645.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9826,"box":[260.0,615.0,285.0,643.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9539,"box":[389.0,618.0,404.0,643.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9905,"box":[570.0,618.0,592.0,642.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9994,"box":[624.0,619.0,642.0,643.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.989,"box":[748.0,621.0,764.0,643.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9948,"box":[896.0,619.0,916.0,645.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9994,"box":[933.0,618.0,952.0,644.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9993,"box":[983.0,619.0,1003.0,643.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9976,"box":[1020.0,618.0,1039.0,644.0]},{"text":"53","confidence":0.9956,"box":[184.0,703.0,232.0,729.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9996,"box":[508.0,711.0,520.0,727.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9943,"box":[851.0,712.0,864.0,729.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9991,"box":[877.0,711.0,894.0,730.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9969,"box":[954.0,714.0,966.0,729.0]},{"text":"1","confidence":0.5777,"box":[1079.0,708.0,1094.0,728.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.8684,"box":[1107.0,711.0,1125.0,730.0]},{"text":"53","confidence":0.9991,"box":[1142.0,705.0,1197.0,734.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9973,"box":[184.0,802.0,196.0,821.0]},{"text":"65","confidence":0.9998,"box":[347.0,802.0,390.0,824.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9991,"box":[404.0,805.0,417.0,820.0]},{"text":"53","confidence":0.9989,"box":[654.0,803.0,693.0,825.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.999,"box":[707.0,806.0,719.0,819.0]},{"text":"3216","confidence":0.9958,"box":[952.0,801.0,1032.0,829.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9852,"box":[1023.0,805.0,1039.0,824.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9992,"box":[1083.0,803.0,1101.0,827.0]},{"text":"五声音阶快速练习","confidence":0.9997,"box":[576.0,918.0,855.0,954.0]},{"text":"简音5小工调","confidence":0.9893,"box":[180.0,952.0,319.0,982.0]},{"text":"5612","confidence":0.9987,"box":[179.0,1042.0,259.0,1069.0]},{"text":"6123","confidence":0.9982,"box":[246.0,1043.0,319.0,1071.0]},{"text":"1235","confidence":0.9987,"box":[357.0,1044.0,425.0,1069.0]},{"text":"2356","confidence":0.9978,"box":[428.0,1043.0,501.0,1070.0]},{"text":"6123 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图文原片"}],"text":"第二讲气功\n笛子是气鸣乐器，吹笛时，通过人体吹气及唇部的控制使气流成为一束，以斜面的角度射向吹口（术\n语称为“射流”），产生边棱振动，在管内形成驻波，发出与管长相对应的频率。\n乐音有三个特性，第一是音调；第二是音品；第三是音量。这三个特性的构成条件，除了乐器本身\n·外，首先取决于声源。声源是气流与气流的作用状况相结合的产物，它包括的因素有气流的速度、气流的\n直径(为圆时）、宽度（为扁时）、气流射向吹孔的角度等。训练吹笛，要求吹气时有最佳的气流速度，最佳\n的气流直径，最佳的射入吹孔的角度，吹笛的术语称它们为口风、风门、口劲角度。它们和乐音三特性紧\n密相联，是非常重要的基本功。学习吹笛要非常注意，把训练的重点始终注意在最基本的要素上，而不是\n舍本逐末、轻重倒置。\n1.训练唇部的约束能力，使气流量能大也能小，使气流成为一束，集中而不分散，保持不变。\n2.训练气流速度能以人的意念为转移，要平稳就平稳，要振荡就振荡，要缓要急随心所欲。\n3.训练最正常的气流射向吹孔角度，以及根据需要而产生的角度变化。\n4.掌握吹笛正确的呼吸方法。\n要掌握以上五条，需要由浅人深，循序渐进，不可操之过急，更不可盲目乱吹。首先要做的练习就是\n持之以恒地吹长音。\n长音练习的要求：\n1.发音平稳(气流的速度始终不变)。\n3.发音准确，要注意高低八度的音程关系，因为高低八度间的气流速度是不一样的。\n4.保持不变，儿童四秒到六秒，成人六秒到八秒。\n每日至少训练一刻钟。\n要求越严，越能激发练习的决心和恒心；明确目的性以及不断地检验自己，就能提高练习的兴趣。","kind":"图文"},{"page":18,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/018.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/018.webp","lines":[{"text":"长音练习","confidence":0.9999,"box":[586.0,255.0,798.0,294.0]},{"text":"全按5小工调","confidence":0.9991,"box":[159.0,341.0,313.0,372.0]},{"text":"8","confidence":0.8361,"box":[172.0,443.0,189.0,460.0]},{"text":"12","confidence":0.9997,"box":[675.0,1718.0,700.0,1740.0]}],"rawText":"长音练习\n全按5小工调\n8\n12","printedPage":12,"chapter":2,"title":"气功","segments":[{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/018-00.webp","width":1086,"height":1500,"box":[148,248,1234,1748],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"}],"text":"长音练习\n全按5小工调","kind":"原谱 / 图版"},{"page":19,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/019.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/019.webp","lines":[{"text":"下面来谈谈呼吸方法：","confidence":0.9985,"box":[176.0,260.0,386.0,288.0]},{"text":"呼吸的方法有胸式、腹式、混合式等。混合式公认比较好。吹笛子要求“气归丹田”，使发音坚实、","confidence":0.997,"box":[175.0,309.0,1178.0,332.0]},{"text":"有力、不虚不浮。但很多初学者并没能正确地掌握这种方法，普遍的是腹肌不自然地向前鼓起，以为这是","confidence":0.9831,"box":[134.0,354.0,1186.0,377.0]},{"text":"“气归丹田”。实际上，这是腹呼吸，这种呼吸方法吸气不多，且容易疲劳。有的学生本来呼吸方法还比","confidence":0.9992,"box":[140.0,396.0,1189.0,429.0]},{"text":"较自然，由于不理解什么叫做“沉下去”，什么叫“丹田提气”，结果盲目地紧张，气越练越向上浮了。","confidence":0.9952,"box":[135.0,448.0,1176.0,471.0]},{"text":"凡是科学的东西，总是符合客观规律的。呼吸的科学，首先就是生理的科学。正确的呼吸方法，总是能够","confidence":0.9988,"box":[133.0,492.0,1188.0,519.0]},{"text":"最大量地吸气，这是检验呼吸方法好与坏的主要标准。要将气吸得多，必须胸腹同时扩张，而不是只有胸","confidence":0.9987,"box":[134.0,541.0,1187.0,564.0]},{"text":"部或腹部扩张，可以用平卧时的自然呼吸方法作为参考，练习时掌握这一点就容易明白以下呼吸的要领","confidence":0.9888,"box":[133.0,586.0,1189.0,612.0]},{"text":"了。","confidence":0.9851,"box":[132.0,631.0,169.0,658.0]},{"text":"呼吸要领：","confidence":0.998,"box":[173.0,679.0,269.0,703.0]},{"text":".","confidence":0.3651,"box":[79.0,699.0,90.0,707.0]},{"text":"双肩不可上下动，胸腹同时来扩张。","confidence":0.9985,"box":[214.0,723.0,571.0,751.0]},{"text":"缓吸平吹全身松，腹肌不必空自忙。","confidence":0.9981,"box":[213.0,770.0,571.0,797.0]},{"text":"-.2","confidence":0.6213,"box":[72.0,782.0,91.0,818.0]},{"text":"急吸超吹劲往下，丹田鼓气力度强。","confidence":0.9985,"box":[213.0,816.0,571.0,843.0]},{"text":"口鼻兼用看需要，切忌呼吸有声响。","confidence":0.9858,"box":[215.0,862.0,570.0,889.0]},{"text":"莫到无气才吸气，终始要有余气藏。","confidence":0.9964,"box":[213.0,909.0,570.0,936.0]},{"text":"强而不噪弱不虚，均匀呼气流水长。","confidence":0.9974,"box":[212.0,954.0,571.0,982.0]},{"text":"吹笛子要求有较大的气压和控制气压的能力，这是它和生理呼吸不一致的地方。较大的气压的产生和","confidence":0.9992,"box":[170.0,1003.0,1186.0,1026.0]},{"text":"控制，需要丹田鼓劲，而口风则紧紧压缩，一鼓一缩就产生了压力。所谓“气归丹田”，就是通过小腹部","confidence":0.9968,"box":[128.0,1046.0,1187.0,1073.0]},{"text":"的鼓气，聚积向外冲击的力量。对此，以人发笑为例就可以明白了。当人哈哈大笑时必然是气归丹田的，","confidence":0.997,"box":[128.0,1092.0,1176.0,1119.0]},{"text":"笑久了肚子会痛；如果是“嘻嘻”地皮笑肉不笑，气就向上浮。吹笛子要求“急吸超吹劲往下”。所谓","confidence":0.9756,"box":[126.0,1138.0,1186.0,1165.0]},{"text":"“往下”，就是气归丹田，“丹田鼓气力度强”。如果是缓吹缓吸，那就应全身放松，丹田就不要很紧","confidence":0.999,"box":[136.0,1184.0,1187.0,1211.0]},{"text":"了，否则容易疲劳。但决不是说一放松气就浮了上去。所谓“沉下去”的意思，是说用气的位置，始终不","confidence":0.9969,"box":[130.0,1233.0,1185.0,1256.0]},{"text":"在丹田，这一点非常重要，一定要努力掌握。练习的方法可以用笑的声音来找位置。比如说，先“哈、","confidence":0.9932,"box":[128.0,1279.0,1178.0,1302.0]},{"text":"哈、哈·……”，笑后，待气归丹田，然后再放松吹出长音，这时就能感觉到丹田虽然放松了，但用气的位","confidence":0.9545,"box":[123.0,1320.0,1186.0,1351.0]},{"text":"置却没有变。","confidence":0.9996,"box":[125.0,1369.0,247.0,1397.0]},{"text":"试做下面练习：","confidence":0.9984,"box":[168.0,1416.0,312.0,1441.0]},{"text":"哈哈哈哈哈哈V5一一","confidence":0.908,"box":[251.0,1456.0,507.0,1497.0]},{"text":"哈哈哈哈哈哈V6——一","confidence":0.8488,"box":[252.0,1503.0,528.0,1541.0]},{"text":"哈哈哈哈哈哈√1一一一","confidence":0.8685,"box":[252.0,1550.0,535.0,1588.0]},{"text":"哈哈哈哈哈哈√ 2 — --","confidence":0.8671,"box":[251.0,1595.0,504.0,1634.0]},{"text":"哈哈哈哈哈哈3——","confidence":0.9353,"box":[251.0,1638.0,508.0,1683.0]},{"text":"13","confidence":0.9997,"box":[635.0,1721.0,663.0,1747.0]}],"rawText":"下面来谈谈呼吸方法：\n呼吸的方法有胸式、腹式、混合式等。混合式公认比较好。吹笛子要求“气归丹田”，使发音坚实、\n有力、不虚不浮。但很多初学者并没能正确地掌握这种方法，普遍的是腹肌不自然地向前鼓起，以为这是\n“气归丹田”。实际上，这是腹呼吸，这种呼吸方法吸气不多，且容易疲劳。有的学生本来呼吸方法还比\n较自然，由于不理解什么叫做“沉下去”，什么叫“丹田提气”，结果盲目地紧张，气越练越向上浮了。\n凡是科学的东西，总是符合客观规律的。呼吸的科学，首先就是生理的科学。正确的呼吸方法，总是能够\n最大量地吸气，这是检验呼吸方法好与坏的主要标准。要将气吸得多，必须胸腹同时扩张，而不是只有胸\n部或腹部扩张，可以用平卧时的自然呼吸方法作为参考，练习时掌握这一点就容易明白以下呼吸的要领\n了。\n呼吸要领：\n.\n双肩不可上下动，胸腹同时来扩张。\n缓吸平吹全身松，腹肌不必空自忙。\n-.2\n急吸超吹劲往下，丹田鼓气力度强。\n口鼻兼用看需要，切忌呼吸有声响。\n莫到无气才吸气，终始要有余气藏。\n强而不噪弱不虚，均匀呼气流水长。\n吹笛子要求有较大的气压和控制气压的能力，这是它和生理呼吸不一致的地方。较大的气压的产生和\n控制，需要丹田鼓劲，而口风则紧紧压缩，一鼓一缩就产生了压力。所谓“气归丹田”，就是通过小腹部\n的鼓气，聚积向外冲击的力量。对此，以人发笑为例就可以明白了。当人哈哈大笑时必然是气归丹田的，\n笑久了肚子会痛；如果是“嘻嘻”地皮笑肉不笑，气就向上浮。吹笛子要求“急吸超吹劲往下”。所谓\n“往下”，就是气归丹田，“丹田鼓气力度强”。如果是缓吹缓吸，那就应全身放松，丹田就不要很紧\n了，否则容易疲劳。但决不是说一放松气就浮了上去。所谓“沉下去”的意思，是说用气的位置，始终不\n在丹田，这一点非常重要，一定要努力掌握。练习的方法可以用笑的声音来找位置。比如说，先“哈、\n哈、哈·……”，笑后，待气归丹田，然后再放松吹出长音，这时就能感觉到丹田虽然放松了，但用气的位\n置却没有变。\n试做下面练习：\n哈哈哈哈哈哈V5一一\n哈哈哈哈哈哈V6——一\n哈哈哈哈哈哈√1一一一\n哈哈哈哈哈哈√ 2 — --\n哈哈哈哈哈哈3——\n13","refined":true,"refinedLines":15,"printedPage":13,"chapter":2,"title":"气功","segments":[{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/019-00.webp","width":230,"height":46,"box":[164,249,394,295],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["呼吸的方法有胸式、腹式、混合式等。混合式公认比较好。吹笛子要求“气归丹田”，使发音坚实、有力、不虚不浮。但很多初学者并没能正确地掌握这种方法，普遍的是腹肌不自然地向前鼓起，以为这是“气归丹田”。实际上，这是腹呼吸，这种呼吸方法吸气不多，且容易疲劳。有的学生本来呼吸方法还比较自然，由于不理解什么叫做“沉下去”，什么叫“丹田提气”，结果盲目地紧张，气越练越向上浮了。凡是科学的东西，总是符合客观规律的。呼吸的科学，首先就是生理的科学。正确的呼吸方法，总是能够最大量地吸气，这是检验呼吸方法好与坏的主要标准。要将气吸得多，必须胸腹同时扩张，而不是只有胸部或腹部扩张，可以用平卧时的自然呼吸方法作为参考，练习时掌握这一点就容易明白以下呼吸的要领"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/019-01-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":313,"box":[133.0,304,1189.0,617],"confidence":0.994},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/019-02.webp","width":513,"height":372,"box":[66,617,579,989],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["吹笛子要求有较大的气压和控制气压的能力，这是它和生理呼吸不一致的地方。较大的气压的产生和控制，需要丹田鼓劲，而口风则紧紧压缩，一鼓一缩就产生了压力。所谓“气归丹田”，就是通过小腹部的鼓气，聚积向外冲击的力量。对此，以人发笑为例就可以明白了。当人哈哈大笑时必然是气归丹田的，笑久了肚子会痛；如果是“嘻嘻”地皮笑肉不笑，气就向上浮。吹笛子要求“急吸超吹劲往下”。所谓“往下”，就是气归丹田，“丹田鼓气力度强”。如果是缓吹缓吸，那就应全身放松，丹田就不要很紧了，否则容易疲劳。但决不是说一放松气就浮了上去。所谓“沉下去”的意思，是说用气的位置，始终不在丹田，这一点非常重要，一定要努力掌握。练习的方法可以用笑的声音来找位置。比如说，先“哈、哈、哈·……”，笑后，待气归丹田，然后再放松吹出长音，这时就能感觉到丹田虽然放松了，但用气的位"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/019-03-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":358,"box":[123.0,998,1187.0,1356],"confidence":0.989},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/019-04.webp","width":556,"height":394,"box":[115,1358,671,1752],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"}],"text":"下面来谈谈呼吸方法：\n呼吸的方法有胸式、腹式、混合式等。混合式公认比较好。吹笛子要求“气归丹田”，使发音坚实、\n有力、不虚不浮。但很多初学者并没能正确地掌握这种方法，普遍的是腹肌不自然地向前鼓起，以为这是\n“气归丹田”。实际上，这是腹呼吸，这种呼吸方法吸气不多，且容易疲劳。有的学生本来呼吸方法还比\n较自然，由于不理解什么叫做“沉下去”，什么叫“丹田提气”，结果盲目地紧张，气越练越向上浮了。\n凡是科学的东西，总是符合客观规律的。呼吸的科学，首先就是生理的科学。正确的呼吸方法，总是能够\n最大量地吸气，这是检验呼吸方法好与坏的主要标准。要将气吸得多，必须胸腹同时扩张，而不是只有胸\n部或腹部扩张，可以用平卧时的自然呼吸方法作为参考，练习时掌握这一点就容易明白以下呼吸的要领\n呼吸要领：\n双肩不可上下动，胸腹同时来扩张。\n缓吸平吹全身松，腹肌不必空自忙。\n急吸超吹劲往下，丹田鼓气力度强。\n口鼻兼用看需要，切忌呼吸有声响。\n莫到无气才吸气，终始要有余气藏。\n强而不噪弱不虚，均匀呼气流水长。\n吹笛子要求有较大的气压和控制气压的能力，这是它和生理呼吸不一致的地方。较大的气压的产生和\n控制，需要丹田鼓劲，而口风则紧紧压缩，一鼓一缩就产生了压力。所谓“气归丹田”，就是通过小腹部\n的鼓气，聚积向外冲击的力量。对此，以人发笑为例就可以明白了。当人哈哈大笑时必然是气归丹田的，\n笑久了肚子会痛；如果是“嘻嘻”地皮笑肉不笑，气就向上浮。吹笛子要求“急吸超吹劲往下”。所谓\n“往下”，就是气归丹田，“丹田鼓气力度强”。如果是缓吹缓吸，那就应全身放松，丹田就不要很紧\n了，否则容易疲劳。但决不是说一放松气就浮了上去。所谓“沉下去”的意思，是说用气的位置，始终不\n在丹田，这一点非常重要，一定要努力掌握。练习的方法可以用笑的声音来找位置。比如说，先“哈、\n哈、哈·……”，笑后，待气归丹田，然后再放松吹出长音，这时就能感觉到丹田虽然放松了，但用气的位\n置却没有变。\n试做下面练习：\n哈哈哈哈哈哈V5一一\n哈哈哈哈哈哈V6——一\n哈哈哈哈哈哈√1一一一\n哈哈哈哈哈哈√ 2 — 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图文原片"}],"text":"接着练习高八度，要注意丹田鼓得更紧了，口风比吹低八度时细了，口劲比吹低八度时更足了。\n吹笛子的口劲、口风和风门的位置是随着音的高低不断变化的，在理论上称为激发频率的变化范围。\n具体地说，吹低音时，口风要粗而缓，位置向里一些（即气流与吹孔垂直面所成的角度要小一些)。随着频\n率的逐渐升高，口风、口劲、风口位置都要朝着细、紧和向外的方向变化。所以，一定要找到平吹、缓\n吹、急吹、超吹等不同的口劲、口风和风口位置。特别要注意高低八音的音程关系。一般来说，吹低音容\n易冲一冲就高，吹高音则容易松一松就掉。\n高低八度练习\n全按5小工调\n开始练习时慢一些，把注意力集中在高低八度之间的音程关系是否准确上面，然后逐渐掌握正确的口\n劲、口风和风口位置。检验它们正确与否的标准有两个：一是发音是否准确；二是音质是否纯净、结实。\n一定要在实际训练中，提高自已的鉴别能力，这是最关键的。\n除了长音练习、高低八度练习外，每天可以吹奏一些长乐句的辽阔、亮的乐曲，一方面可以提高练\n习气功的兴趣，“方面还可以加深对乐曲的理解，提高表现能力。\n要求：\n1.发音平稳、结实、嘌亮。\n2.特别注意呼吸方法，“终始要有气藏”。脸不红、心不跳，同时要达到呼吸要领中的要求。\n3.发音准确。（这是自然的要求，下文从略。）\n注愈：如果达不到要求，就要思考一下，找出原因，不可盲目乱吹，以免影响身体。头晕、恶心就要休\n息，唇、颊发酸，则要加强训练。","kind":"图文"},{"page":21,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/021.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/021.webp","lines":[{"text":"民间曲调练习","confidence":0.9989,"box":[583.0,258.0,790.0,292.0]},{"text":"全按5小工调","confidence":0.9994,"box":[167.0,298.0,299.0,328.0]},{"text":"洗星海曲《二月里来》","confidence":0.9725,"box":[954.0,312.0,1220.0,347.0]},{"text":"中速","confidence":0.9998,"box":[173.0,389.0,223.0,423.0]},{"text":"12i 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图文原片"}],"text":"注：要求每个音能颤四下，逐渐加快速度。4的颤音打第三孔，4的颤音按住第二、三、四、五孔打\n第二孔，6的颤音开-一、五、四孔打第五孔。\n训练手指的弹性，一定要注意每个手指的单独活动能力。不要急于求快，而使臂部的肌肉紧张。在训\n练时，两手的小指要轻轻贴笛身，不要用小指的活动来帮助其他手指。上手的食指的根部，如果托住笛\n身，那么在六指打颤时要离开，而且不要产生两个动作，不然就会影响速度。（在这一点上，上手的拇指\n托住笛身的姿势，就比用食指根部托笛身的姿势来得优越。)如能将上面的练习曲经常练习，手指的灵活\n性就会大有进步。\n一开始就要训练用舌，舌与气不可分，气与舌相结合类似提琴的弓法，长音类似长弓，单吐类似顿\n弓，双吐类似跳弓，三吐类似又顿又跳的弓，轻吐类似将乐音分开来的弓，花舌类似碎弓。\n单吐、双吐、三吐都要求发音结实、清楚。舌头的动作要灵活，并且能与指法紧密结合，舌头避免碰\n上唇，轻吐则经常用在乐句的开始或要求清楚地演奏的乐音上，舌头的动作如蜻蜓点水。花舌即“打嘟\n”，不常用。单吐的舌头动作是吐吐“··，双吐的舌头动作是吐苦吐苦··.或踢克踢克···，三吐的舌\n头动作是吐吐苦.··或吐苦吐\n气功中的长音练习，指法中的弹性训练和舌头的单独训练，三者构成每日必修的基训项目，专业工作\n者一般需要以每日三刻钟的时间，应持久不懈地坚持。\n接着进行最基本的指与舌结合训练，逐条完成以下练习。先是一条一条突破，然后把它们连接起来，\n每天练习一到二遍，一直到非常熟练，再进一步作难度较大的练习。在还未熟练的阶段，每天需要练习一\n小时左右。\n练习二（音阶级进）\n全按5小工调","kind":"图文"},{"page":28,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/028.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/028.webp","lines":[{"text":"V","confidence":0.5095,"box":[410.0,262.0,424.0,277.0]},{"text":"8217","confidence":0.8292,"box":[197.0,288.0,265.0,321.0]},{"text":"2i76","confidence":0.8887,"box":[458.0,282.0,530.0,322.0]},{"text":"5432","confidence":0.9991,"box":[567.0,289.0,634.0,318.0]},{"text":"1765","confidence":0.9828,"box":[722.0,283.0,792.0,318.0]},{"text":"4321","confidence":0.9993,"box":[831.0,285.0,897.0,313.0]},{"text":"7654","confidence":0.9995,"box":[985.0,281.0,1057.0,315.0]},{"text":"3217","confidence":0.9983,"box":[1093.0,281.0,1161.0,310.0]},{"text":"6543","confidence":0.9968,"box":[304.0,293.0,370.0,322.0]},{"text":"6543","confidence":0.9995,"box":[198.0,405.0,272.0,433.0]},{"text":"2176","confidence":0.9882,"box":[300.0,401.0,368.0,434.0]},{"text":"5432","confidence":0.9986,"box":[458.0,399.0,533.0,433.0]},{"text":"1765","confidence":0.999,"box":[567.0,400.0,640.0,428.0]},{"text":"注：每小节吸气，注意节奏，开始慢些，逐渐加快。","confidence":0.9983,"box":[166.0,454.0,682.0,487.0]},{"text":"练习三(音阶级进)","confidence":0.9436,"box":[561.0,558.0,852.0,593.0]},{"text":"全按5小工调","confidence":0.9993,"box":[168.0,610.0,320.0,641.0]},{"text":"2345 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r\ntr\n，\n3\n4\n▼\n▼\n5l\n3\n6\n4\n6\n4\n了\n5\n5\n6\n6\n5\n3\n9\n4\n7\n5\n一\n6\ntr\ntr\ntr\ntr\ntr\ntr\ntr\ntr\ntr\ntr\nP-\n7\n！\n！3\n3!\n-5\n9:\nT\n6\n6\n6\n5\n3\n6\n二\n7\n5\n1\n6\n5\ntr\ntr\nt\ntr\ntr\ntr\ntr\n！\n$+\n了\nY\n-5\n9：\n5\n5\n4\n6\n6\n5\n3\n64\n7\n8\ntr\ntr\ntr\ntr\ntr\ntr\ntr\ntr\nI\ntr\n！\n3\n5\n6\n1\n5\n7\n7-\n3\n5\n51\n6\n7\n5\n4\n6\ntr\ntr\ntr\ntr\ntr\nI]\ntr\ntr\nt r\n√\n6\n5\n7\n4\n6\n3\n5\n4\n6\n6\n3\n5\n51\n6\n5\n6\n3\n5\n1\n注：注意节奏，“tr”每拍四个。\n练习二十三（七度跳进）\n全按5小工调\n5\n5\n1\n▼\n2H\n7\n0\n9\n4\n5\n6\n7\n6\n5\n0\n5\n6\n5\ntr\ntr\nV\n1\n731\n3217\n6\n5\n4321\n9\n0\n5\n4\ntr.\ntr.\ntr\ntr\nV\n2\n1765\n√\nV\n1\n7654\n3\n6\n5432\n7\n6543\n2\ntr\ntr.\ntr\nV\n6712\n.3\n2176\n5.34\n-5l\n7123\n5\n√\n0\n6\ntr\ntr\ntr\ntr\niv\n2\n3\n4567\n3456\n1\n2345\n4\n5671\ntr\n2i\n6\n品\n3\n2\n1234\n57.6\n5\n。\n5\n4\n7\n6\n7\n11\n.3\n1\n5\n4\n6\n注：先慢后快，把装饰音都吹出来，把吸气记号吹出来。\n一般来说，需要有半年的训练时间，才能把这一讲的内容学完。业余练习者应该根据自己能投人艺术\n训练时间的多少，来决定是否进行此项系统的训练；专业学习者如能根据各自的情况有选择地进行系统练\n习，是会有好处的。\n37","refined":true,"refinedLines":2,"printedPage":37,"chapter":3,"title":"气、指、舌结合训练","segments":[{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/043-00.webp","width":1083,"height":1447,"box":[130,65,1213,1512],"label":"谱例 / 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图文原片"}],"text":"练习二十二（六度跳进）\n全按5小工调\n注：注意节奏，“tr”每拍四个。\n练习二十三（七度跳进）\n全按5小工调\n注：先慢后快，把装饰音都吹出来，把吸气记号吹出来。\n一般来说，需要有半年的训练时间，才能把这一讲的内容学完。业余练习者应该根据自己能投人艺术\n训练时间的多少，来决定是否进行此项系统的训练；专业学习者如能根据各自的情况有选择地进行系统练\n习，是会有好处的。","kind":"图文"},{"page":44,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/044.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/044.webp","lines":[{"text":"第四讲震、叠、赠、打","confidence":0.9992,"box":[500.0,226.0,923.0,264.0]},{"text":"及南方风格的演奏","confidence":0.9973,"box":[554.0,291.0,868.0,326.0]},{"text":"在没有开始讲解各种演奏技巧之前，先要明确两点：第一，技巧是为表现内容服务的，因此，要提高","confidence":0.9974,"box":[224.0,396.0,1242.0,426.0]},{"text":"对音乐的理解能力，在使用各种技巧时，要进行分析和鉴别，切忌信手乱用。第二，技巧是表现内容的手","confidence":0.9887,"box":[177.0,444.0,1241.0,473.0]},{"text":"段，而手段总是越多越好，因此，我们要一手伸向民间，一手伸向西洋，力求不断地增加竹笛的表现手","confidence":0.9906,"box":[177.0,489.0,1242.0,520.0]},{"text":"段。","confidence":0.9995,"box":[174.0,540.0,236.0,568.0]},{"text":"竹笛的演奏技巧，是经过几千年的摸索和积累，可以归结为下面的术语。","confidence":0.995,"box":[224.0,584.0,958.0,613.0]},{"text":"颤“t”，历“”，震“～”，叠“又”，赠“贝”，打“丁”，控“>”，换“”，泛","confidence":0.9523,"box":[221.0,627.0,1245.0,661.0]},{"text":"“”，滑“””，变“”，冲“”垛“”，叉“○”，单“△”，双“TK”，三","confidence":0.9481,"box":[189.0,673.0,1245.0,707.0]},{"text":"“云”，轻“○”，花“”。","confidence":0.8821,"box":[196.0,716.0,541.0,762.0]},{"text":"对上述术语的符号和包含的内容，目前还没有完全统一认识，需要经过讨论求得--致。","confidence":0.9852,"box":[223.0,769.0,1097.0,798.0]},{"text":"“颤”就是“颤音”，“历”就是“历音”，“单”、“双”、“三”、“轻”、“花”，都是舌头","confidence":0.9959,"box":[235.0,814.0,1244.0,845.0]},{"text":"技巧，这些都已在第三讲中讲过了。现在向大家介绍未曾介绍过的技巧，其中重要的详细介绍，不太重要","confidence":0.9995,"box":[177.0,861.0,1244.0,890.0]},{"text":"的则简略。","confidence":0.9338,"box":[179.0,912.0,283.0,936.0]},{"text":"“震音”，是使音产生均匀的波动，如同小提琴、大提琴揉弦一般。竹笛的震音有好几种，有的用","confidence":0.9982,"box":[235.0,953.0,1246.0,983.0]},{"text":"气、有的用指。用气产生波动的称为““气震音”。这种震音，幅度较大、较缓慢，如同大提琴的揉弦。用","confidence":0.9877,"box":[178.0,1000.0,1246.0,1030.0]},{"text":"手指在音孔旁边震动产生波浪音的称为“指震音”。这种震音幅度小、较快，如同小提琴的揉音。除此以","confidence":0.9934,"box":[177.0,1045.0,1245.0,1076.0]},{"text":"外还有臂震的，日本、朝鲜的笛子经常用这种方法，我们称之为“摇”。还有一种，气和指结合起来震","confidence":0.9962,"box":[177.0,1091.0,1241.0,1122.0]},{"text":"动的，在特殊情况下使用，可称之为“揉”。震音的符号为“”，如要求特定的震音，则标上","confidence":0.9976,"box":[175.0,1130.0,1249.0,1171.0]},{"text":"“○”或““”。","confidence":0.6585,"box":[190.0,1185.0,392.0,1217.0]},{"text":"震音的应用，没有严格的要求，一般的乐谱中不加以标明，由演奏者自己处理。不过，要认识到有震","confidence":0.986,"box":[223.0,1230.0,1247.0,1260.0]},{"text":"与无震、快震与慢震，以及使用特殊的震音，都会使乐曲产生不同的情趣。因此，在使用时，要经过分","confidence":0.9963,"box":[179.0,1276.0,1247.0,1306.0]},{"text":"析。有些演奏者，不管什么乐曲都使用震音，反而产生不好的效果。","confidence":0.9992,"box":[178.0,1324.0,865.0,1352.0]},{"text":"练习震音要做到均匀、持久、放松、自然，切不可紧张、做作。不要变成习惯动作，以至于任何时候","confidence":0.999,"box":[224.0,1369.0,1248.0,1399.0]},{"text":"都非震不可，自己要能支配，要震就震，要稳就稳。“般来说，稳比震难，匀比不匀难，因此要多做平","confidence":0.9844,"box":[177.0,1412.0,1247.0,1447.0]},{"text":"稳、结实以及均匀震动的训练，每天结合长音作练习，要达到三个要求：均匀、自然和持久。","confidence":0.9979,"box":[177.0,1461.0,1120.0,1492.0]},{"text":"“南曲出手颤、叠、赠、打，北曲拿手吐、滑、垛、花。”这句顺口淄说明演奏南方风格的乐曲要注","confidence":0.9911,"box":[237.0,1507.0,1248.0,1537.0]},{"text":"意颤、叠、赠、打等技巧的应用。","confidence":0.9965,"box":[178.0,1558.0,514.0,1583.0]},{"text":"所谓“叠”、“打”、“赠”，都是\"些装饰音，由于应用较自由，一般都不在谱上标出。这些术语","confidence":0.989,"box":[225.0,1598.0,1248.0,1630.0]},{"text":"的名称、含义并不统一，有的称“叠”为“唤”，有的称“赠”为“送”，也有的称“打”为“导”。","confidence":0.9802,"box":[178.0,1645.0,1214.0,1676.0]},{"text":"38","confidence":0.9996,"box":[698.0,1725.0,728.0,1751.0]}],"rawText":"第四讲震、叠、赠、打\n及南方风格的演奏\n在没有开始讲解各种演奏技巧之前，先要明确两点：第一，技巧是为表现内容服务的，因此，要提高\n对音乐的理解能力，在使用各种技巧时，要进行分析和鉴别，切忌信手乱用。第二，技巧是表现内容的手\n段，而手段总是越多越好，因此，我们要一手伸向民间，一手伸向西洋，力求不断地增加竹笛的表现手\n段。\n竹笛的演奏技巧，是经过几千年的摸索和积累，可以归结为下面的术语。\n颤“t”，历“”，震“～”，叠“又”，赠“贝”，打“丁”，控“>”，换“”，泛\n“”，滑“””，变“”，冲“”垛“”，叉“○”，单“△”，双“TK”，三\n“云”，轻“○”，花“”。\n对上述术语的符号和包含的内容，目前还没有完全统一认识，需要经过讨论求得--致。\n“颤”就是“颤音”，“历”就是“历音”，“单”、“双”、“三”、“轻”、“花”，都是舌头\n技巧，这些都已在第三讲中讲过了。现在向大家介绍未曾介绍过的技巧，其中重要的详细介绍，不太重要\n的则简略。\n“震音”，是使音产生均匀的波动，如同小提琴、大提琴揉弦一般。竹笛的震音有好几种，有的用\n气、有的用指。用气产生波动的称为““气震音”。这种震音，幅度较大、较缓慢，如同大提琴的揉弦。用\n手指在音孔旁边震动产生波浪音的称为“指震音”。这种震音幅度小、较快，如同小提琴的揉音。除此以\n外还有臂震的，日本、朝鲜的笛子经常用这种方法，我们称之为“摇”。还有一种，气和指结合起来震\n动的，在特殊情况下使用，可称之为“揉”。震音的符号为“”，如要求特定的震音，则标上\n“○”或““”。\n震音的应用，没有严格的要求，一般的乐谱中不加以标明，由演奏者自己处理。不过，要认识到有震\n与无震、快震与慢震，以及使用特殊的震音，都会使乐曲产生不同的情趣。因此，在使用时，要经过分\n析。有些演奏者，不管什么乐曲都使用震音，反而产生不好的效果。\n练习震音要做到均匀、持久、放松、自然，切不可紧张、做作。不要变成习惯动作，以至于任何时候\n都非震不可，自己要能支配，要震就震，要稳就稳。“般来说，稳比震难，匀比不匀难，因此要多做平\n稳、结实以及均匀震动的训练，每天结合长音作练习，要达到三个要求：均匀、自然和持久。\n“南曲出手颤、叠、赠、打，北曲拿手吐、滑、垛、花。”这句顺口淄说明演奏南方风格的乐曲要注\n意颤、叠、赠、打等技巧的应用。\n所谓“叠”、“打”、“赠”，都是\"些装饰音，由于应用较自由，一般都不在谱上标出。这些术语\n的名称、含义并不统一，有的称“叠”为“唤”，有的称“赠”为“送”，也有的称“打”为“导”。\n38","refined":true,"refinedLines":23,"printedPage":38,"chapter":4,"title":"震、叠、赠、打及南方风格的演奏","segments":[{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/044-00.webp","width":445,"height":125,"box":[489,214,934,339],"label":"谱例 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图文原片"}],"text":"第四讲震、叠、赠、打\n及南方风格的演奏\n在没有开始讲解各种演奏技巧之前，先要明确两点：第一，技巧是为表现内容服务的，因此，要提高\n对音乐的理解能力，在使用各种技巧时，要进行分析和鉴别，切忌信手乱用。第二，技巧是表现内容的手\n段，而手段总是越多越好，因此，我们要一手伸向民间，一手伸向西洋，力求不断地增加竹笛的表现手\n竹笛的演奏技巧，是经过几千年的摸索和积累，可以归结为下面的术语。\n颤“t”，历“”，震“～”，叠“又”，赠“贝”，打“丁”，控“>”，换“”，泛\n“”，滑“””，变“”，冲“”垛“”，叉“○”，单“△”，双“TK”，三\n“云”，轻“○”，花“”。\n对上述术语的符号和包含的内容，目前还没有完全统一认识，需要经过讨论求得--致。\n“颤”就是“颤音”，“历”就是“历音”，“单”、“双”、“三”、“轻”、“花”，都是舌头\n技巧，这些都已在第三讲中讲过了。现在向大家介绍未曾介绍过的技巧，其中重要的详细介绍，不太重要\n的则简略。\n“震音”，是使音产生均匀的波动，如同小提琴、大提琴揉弦一般。竹笛的震音有好几种，有的用\n气、有的用指。用气产生波动的称为““气震音”。这种震音，幅度较大、较缓慢，如同大提琴的揉弦。用\n手指在音孔旁边震动产生波浪音的称为“指震音”。这种震音幅度小、较快，如同小提琴的揉音。除此以\n外还有臂震的，日本、朝鲜的笛子经常用这种方法，我们称之为“摇”。还有一种，气和指结合起来震\n动的，在特殊情况下使用，可称之为“揉”。震音的符号为“”，如要求特定的震音，则标上\n震音的应用，没有严格的要求，一般的乐谱中不加以标明，由演奏者自己处理。不过，要认识到有震\n与无震、快震与慢震，以及使用特殊的震音，都会使乐曲产生不同的情趣。因此，在使用时，要经过分\n析。有些演奏者，不管什么乐曲都使用震音，反而产生不好的效果。\n练习震音要做到均匀、持久、放松、自然，切不可紧张、做作。不要变成习惯动作，以至于任何时候\n都非震不可，自己要能支配，要震就震，要稳就稳。“般来说，稳比震难，匀比不匀难，因此要多做平\n稳、结实以及均匀震动的训练，每天结合长音作练习，要达到三个要求：均匀、自然和持久。\n“南曲出手颤、叠、赠、打，北曲拿手吐、滑、垛、花。”这句顺口淄说明演奏南方风格的乐曲要注\n意颤、叠、赠、打等技巧的应用。\n所谓“叠”、“打”、“赠”，都是\"些装饰音，由于应用较自由，一般都不在谱上标出。这些术语\n的名称、含义并不统一，有的称“叠”为“唤”，有的称“赠”为“送”，也有的称“打”为“导”。","kind":"图文"},{"page":45,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/045.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/045.webp","lines":[{"text":"“叠”的含义是几个音叠在一起。在吹一个音时，指法上有几个音的动作。例如吹5，就有好几种指","confidence":0.9943,"box":[209.0,255.0,1210.0,278.0]},{"text":"又","confidence":0.9805,"box":[215.0,311.0,238.0,333.0]},{"text":": ①5;②5; ③5:④5:③′5；65。它们听起来都是一个5，但实际上是不同的，叠的距离","confidence":0.9016,"box":[149.0,337.0,1214.0,375.0]},{"text":"有长、有短。“北曲叠音自顶端，南曲叠音不过三。”这句顺口溜是说南北风格在叠音用法上有所不同。","confidence":0.9878,"box":[152.0,393.0,1200.0,419.0]},{"text":"北方风格的叠音往往从顶孔开始。如：","confidence":0.9988,"box":[151.0,441.0,522.0,464.0]},{"text":"又","confidence":0.9555,"box":[182.0,487.0,205.0,510.0]},{"text":"23532","confidence":0.911,"box":[151.0,514.0,375.0,549.0]},{"text":"南方风格的演奏，叠音的起点离主音不能超过三个音，如：","confidence":0.9876,"box":[193.0,579.0,779.0,605.0]},{"text":"又","confidence":0.62,"box":[285.0,637.0,318.0,660.0]},{"text":"(三孔1 ) t6 - *2","confidence":0.775,"box":[164.0,658.0,402.0,700.0]},{"text":"又","confidence":0.9921,"box":[286.0,725.0,327.0,751.0]},{"text":"叠音不能演奏成历音，也不能演奏成垛音。关键是速度、力度要适当。太清楚了容易变成历音，太强","confidence":0.999,"box":[189.0,809.0,1210.0,836.0]},{"text":"烈了又容易变成垛音。","confidence":0.9952,"box":[150.0,856.0,361.0,882.0]},{"text":"所谓“赠”，就是赠送的意思。谱表上本没有这个音符。例如：Ⅱ533—","confidence":0.9646,"box":[187.0,891.0,1000.0,936.0]},{"text":"9.","confidence":0.4826,"box":[1010.0,896.0,1089.0,922.0]},{"text":"中两","confidence":0.9998,"box":[1144.0,901.0,1208.0,925.0]},{"text":"个本来是没有的。如果严格一些的话，应该根据需要把它标出来。","confidence":0.9989,"box":[149.0,941.0,829.0,979.0]},{"text":"“打”就是用手指在音孔上打一打，把同音反复分隔开来。南方传统演奏不用舌，因此在演奏同音反","confidence":0.9982,"box":[201.0,995.0,1208.0,1021.0]},{"text":"复时多采用颤、叠、打的方法。例如：|第一个1用叠、第二个用打、第三个也用打、第四个用颤。","confidence":0.9745,"box":[143.0,1037.0,1201.0,1073.0]},{"text":"颤、叠、赠、打是演奏南方风格乐曲常用的装饰技巧。要灵活、熟练地应用它们，切忌呆板重复，不","confidence":0.9869,"box":[189.0,1088.0,1208.0,1111.0]},{"text":"要连续地使用同一种装饰技巧，而是应该把它们交叉起来使用。其应用的方法为四句顺口溜：","confidence":0.9977,"box":[149.0,1133.0,1083.0,1159.0]},{"text":"出手常用颤，叠音不过三。","confidence":0.998,"box":[225.0,1178.0,492.0,1206.0]},{"text":"间歌可馈赠，同音打来分。","confidence":0.9598,"box":[233.0,1227.0,499.0,1250.0]},{"text":"灵活相交叉，仙女来散花。","confidence":0.9977,"box":[233.0,1273.0,498.0,1296.0]},{"text":"恰到便是好，莫成老油条。","confidence":0.9968,"box":[232.0,1318.0,498.0,1341.0]},{"text":"装饰是一种艺术，但它不是本质的。音乐的美首先要注意本质，过分地追求装饰的美，是对本质的美","confidence":0.9994,"box":[187.0,1362.0,1208.0,1389.0]},{"text":"缺乏信心的表现。不过，丝毫不加装饰又未免太朴素。至于胡乱装饰，置风格、内涵于不顾，更会产生相","confidence":0.9983,"box":[146.0,1409.0,1209.0,1436.0]},{"text":"反的结果。","confidence":0.9998,"box":[145.0,1457.0,244.0,1481.0]},{"text":"下面我们来分析一段昆曲的装饰手法，以起到触类旁通的效果。","confidence":0.9991,"box":[187.0,1504.0,823.0,1527.0]},{"text":"昆曲近于一种词牌音乐，旋律与歌词结合得非常紧密。一般来说，学吹昆曲，必须先学唱，演奏起来","confidence":0.9994,"box":[184.0,1547.0,1208.0,1574.0]},{"text":"才会有抑扬顿挫的美感，因此，在曲谱上附有唱词。","confidence":0.9905,"box":[144.0,1596.0,660.0,1619.0]},{"text":"教材：昆曲《长生殿·惊变》【粉蝶儿】，根据《遏云阁》订谱。","confidence":0.971,"box":[186.0,1640.0,825.0,1666.0]},{"text":"39.","confidence":0.9607,"box":[650.0,1708.0,700.0,1739.0]}],"rawText":"“叠”的含义是几个音叠在一起。在吹一个音时，指法上有几个音的动作。例如吹5，就有好几种指\n又\n: ①5;②5; ③5:④5:③′5；65。它们听起来都是一个5，但实际上是不同的，叠的距离\n有长、有短。“北曲叠音自顶端，南曲叠音不过三。”这句顺口溜是说南北风格在叠音用法上有所不同。\n北方风格的叠音往往从顶孔开始。如：\n又\n23532\n南方风格的演奏，叠音的起点离主音不能超过三个音，如：\n又\n(三孔1 ) t6 - *2\n又\n叠音不能演奏成历音，也不能演奏成垛音。关键是速度、力度要适当。太清楚了容易变成历音，太强\n烈了又容易变成垛音。\n所谓“赠”，就是赠送的意思。谱表上本没有这个音符。例如：Ⅱ533—\n9.\n中两\n个本来是没有的。如果严格一些的话，应该根据需要把它标出来。\n“打”就是用手指在音孔上打一打，把同音反复分隔开来。南方传统演奏不用舌，因此在演奏同音反\n复时多采用颤、叠、打的方法。例如：|第一个1用叠、第二个用打、第三个也用打、第四个用颤。\n颤、叠、赠、打是演奏南方风格乐曲常用的装饰技巧。要灵活、熟练地应用它们，切忌呆板重复，不\n要连续地使用同一种装饰技巧，而是应该把它们交叉起来使用。其应用的方法为四句顺口溜：\n出手常用颤，叠音不过三。\n间歌可馈赠，同音打来分。\n灵活相交叉，仙女来散花。\n恰到便是好，莫成老油条。\n装饰是一种艺术，但它不是本质的。音乐的美首先要注意本质，过分地追求装饰的美，是对本质的美\n缺乏信心的表现。不过，丝毫不加装饰又未免太朴素。至于胡乱装饰，置风格、内涵于不顾，更会产生相\n反的结果。\n下面我们来分析一段昆曲的装饰手法，以起到触类旁通的效果。\n昆曲近于一种词牌音乐，旋律与歌词结合得非常紧密。一般来说，学吹昆曲，必须先学唱，演奏起来\n才会有抑扬顿挫的美感，因此，在曲谱上附有唱词。\n教材：昆曲《长生殿·惊变》【粉蝶儿】，根据《遏云阁》订谱。\n39.","refined":true,"refinedLines":16,"printedPage":39,"chapter":4,"title":"震、叠、赠、打及南方风格的演奏","segments":[{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/045-00.webp","width":1091,"height":323,"box":[130,65,1221,388],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["有长、有短。“北曲叠音自顶端，南曲叠音不过三。”这句顺口溜是说南北风格在叠音用法上有所不同。北方风格的叠音往往从顶孔开始。如："],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/045-01-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":81,"box":[151.0,388,1200.0,469],"confidence":0.993},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/045-02.webp","width":822,"height":335,"box":[130,469,952,804],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["叠音不能演奏成历音，也不能演奏成垛音。关键是速度、力度要适当。太清楚了容易变成历音，太强烈了又容易变成垛音。"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/045-03-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":83,"box":[150.0,804,1210.0,887],"confidence":0.997},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/045-04.webp","width":1090,"height":49,"box":[130,887,1220,936],"label":"谱例 / 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图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["下面我们来分析一段昆曲的装饰手法，以起到触类旁通的效果。","昆曲近于一种词牌音乐，旋律与歌词结合得非常紧密。一般来说，学吹昆曲，必须先学唱，演奏起来才会有抑扬顿挫的美感，因此，在曲谱上附有唱词。","教材：昆曲《长生殿·惊变》【粉蝶儿】，根据《遏云阁》订谱。"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/045-07-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":172,"box":[144.0,1499,1208.0,1671],"confidence":0.99},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/045-08.webp","width":46,"height":42,"box":[643,1702,689,1744],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"}],"text":"“叠”的含义是几个音叠在一起。在吹一个音时，指法上有几个音的动作。例如吹5，就有好几种指\n: ①5;②5; ③5:④5:③′5；65。它们听起来都是一个5，但实际上是不同的，叠的距离\n有长、有短。“北曲叠音自顶端，南曲叠音不过三。”这句顺口溜是说南北风格在叠音用法上有所不同。\n北方风格的叠音往往从顶孔开始。如：\n南方风格的演奏，叠音的起点离主音不能超过三个音，如：\n(三孔1 ) t6 - *2\n叠音不能演奏成历音，也不能演奏成垛音。关键是速度、力度要适当。太清楚了容易变成历音，太强\n烈了又容易变成垛音。\n所谓“赠”，就是赠送的意思。谱表上本没有这个音符。例如：Ⅱ533—\n中两\n个本来是没有的。如果严格一些的话，应该根据需要把它标出来。\n“打”就是用手指在音孔上打一打，把同音反复分隔开来。南方传统演奏不用舌，因此在演奏同音反\n复时多采用颤、叠、打的方法。例如：|第一个1用叠、第二个用打、第三个也用打、第四个用颤。\n颤、叠、赠、打是演奏南方风格乐曲常用的装饰技巧。要灵活、熟练地应用它们，切忌呆板重复，不\n要连续地使用同一种装饰技巧，而是应该把它们交叉起来使用。其应用的方法为四句顺口溜：\n出手常用颤，叠音不过三。\n间歌可馈赠，同音打来分。\n灵活相交叉，仙女来散花。\n恰到便是好，莫成老油条。\n装饰是一种艺术，但它不是本质的。音乐的美首先要注意本质，过分地追求装饰的美，是对本质的美\n缺乏信心的表现。不过，丝毫不加装饰又未免太朴素。至于胡乱装饰，置风格、内涵于不顾，更会产生相\n反的结果。\n下面我们来分析一段昆曲的装饰手法，以起到触类旁通的效果。\n昆曲近于一种词牌音乐，旋律与歌词结合得非常紧密。一般来说，学吹昆曲，必须先学唱，演奏起来\n才会有抑扬顿挫的美感，因此，在曲谱上附有唱词。\n教材：昆曲《长生殿·惊变》【粉蝶儿】，根据《遏云阁》订谱。","kind":"图文"},{"page":46,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/046.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/046.webp","lines":[{"text":"粉蝶儿","confidence":0.9996,"box":[625.0,248.0,806.0,289.0]},{"text":"散板、小工调","confidence":0.9948,"box":[177.0,317.0,323.0,351.0]},{"text":"↑r","confidence":0.6838,"box":[686.0,464.0,707.0,481.0]},{"text":"又","confidence":0.9774,"box":[882.0,459.0,904.0,484.0]},{"text":"5.165","confidence":0.9714,"box":[297.0,476.0,394.0,519.0]},{"text":"又","confidence":0.7776,"box":[304.0,472.0,321.0,491.0]},{"text":"又","confidence":0.9746,"box":[424.0,470.0,445.0,496.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.996,"box":[424.0,488.0,443.0,515.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9995,"box":[457.0,492.0,473.0,514.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9909,"box":[630.0,492.0,650.0,520.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.8317,"box":[882.0,496.0,903.0,523.0]},{"text":"1","confidence":0.9885,"box":[995.0,495.0,1035.0,522.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9898,"box":[1117.0,496.0,1138.0,520.0]},{"text":"1","confidence":0.9312,"box":[1185.0,498.0,1197.0,519.0]},{"text":"天","confidence":0.9997,"box":[211.0,523.0,239.0,551.0]},{"text":"淡","confidence":0.9607,"box":[298.0,521.0,329.0,553.0]},{"text":"云","confidence":1.0,"box":[543.0,524.0,574.0,557.0]},{"text":"呐","confidence":0.9942,"box":[627.0,526.0,660.0,555.0]},{"text":"闲","confidence":0.9977,"box":[685.0,527.0,714.0,554.0]},{"text":"列","confidence":1.0,"box":[878.0,526.0,910.0,558.0]},{"text":"长","confidence":1.0,"box":[1185.0,527.0,1215.0,561.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9581,"box":[189.0,625.0,221.0,653.0]},{"text":"k.1","confidence":0.6203,"box":[179.0,639.0,231.0,692.0]},{"text":"V","confidence":0.7511,"box":[276.0,640.0,292.0,657.0]},{"text":"又","confidence":0.958,"box":[302.0,639.0,323.0,662.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.5154,"box":[302.0,664.0,323.0,688.0]},{"text":"0","confidence":0.4456,"box":[344.0,667.0,361.0,687.0]},{"text":"1","confidence":0.9998,"box":[407.0,664.0,427.0,689.0]},{"text":"?","confidence":0.5903,"box":[541.0,667.0,561.0,694.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9889,"box":[595.0,669.0,613.0,693.0]},{"text":"1","confidence":0.9995,"box":[680.0,670.0,696.0,689.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9998,"box":[713.0,670.0,729.0,690.0]},{"text":"4","confidence":0.9992,"box":[768.0,669.0,783.0,690.0]},{"text":"156","confidence":0.9989,"box":[875.0,667.0,938.0,695.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9997,"box":[1083.0,671.0,1099.0,692.0]},{"text":"空","confidence":1.0,"box":[204.0,698.0,234.0,731.0]},{"text":"数","confidence":0.9999,"box":[295.0,699.0,327.0,731.0]},{"text":"行","confidence":0.9994,"box":[402.0,698.0,436.0,734.0]},{"text":"新","confidence":0.9999,"box":[675.0,701.0,710.0,736.0]},{"text":"雁","confidence":0.9657,"box":[872.0,706.0,904.0,736.0]},{"text":"又","confidence":0.9832,"box":[196.0,820.0,217.0,843.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9984,"box":[1082.0,820.0,1104.0,836.0]},{"text":"5.","confidence":0.9864,"box":[194.0,841.0,255.0,869.0]},{"text":"4356","confidence":0.9986,"box":[246.0,843.0,333.0,871.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9995,"box":[410.0,849.0,427.0,870.0]},{"text":"65","confidence":0.9978,"box":[594.0,845.0,641.0,875.0]},{"text":"4.654","confidence":0.9995,"box":[669.0,846.0,756.0,873.0]},{"text":"3.2","confidence":0.8573,"box":[774.0,849.0,821.0,875.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9936,"box":[1013.0,852.0,1030.0,876.0]},{"text":"御","confidence":0.9982,"box":[191.0,889.0,223.0,921.0]},{"text":"园","confidence":1.0,"box":[307.0,890.0,337.0,921.0]},{"text":"中","confidence":0.9988,"box":[407.0,892.0,437.0,923.0]},{"text":"秋","confidence":0.9998,"box":[534.0,893.0,566.0,925.0]},{"text":"色","confidence":1.0,"box":[665.0,894.0,695.0,927.0]},{"text":"斓","confidence":0.9405,"box":[883.0,897.0,915.0,927.0]},{"text":"斑","confidence":0.9788,"box":[1078.0,898.0,1110.0,929.0]},{"text":"又6：","confidence":0.8106,"box":[192.0,1015.0,213.0,1063.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9992,"box":[536.0,1008.0,558.0,1029.0]},{"text":"又","confidence":0.9966,"box":[666.0,1016.0,688.0,1041.0]},{"text":"1","confidence":0.9926,"box":[246.0,1035.0,268.0,1062.0]},{"text":"5.6","confidence":0.8407,"box":[309.0,1034.0,368.0,1067.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9996,"box":[667.0,1040.0,687.0,1067.0]},{"text":"12","confidence":0.9938,"box":[747.0,1038.0,801.0,1072.0]},{"text":"332","confidence":0.9981,"box":[863.0,1039.0,937.0,1071.0]},{"text":"柳","confidence":0.9999,"box":[188.0,1080.0,220.0,1113.0]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图版"},{"page":47,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/047.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/047.webp","lines":[{"text":"分析之一：","confidence":0.9048,"box":[184.0,248.0,287.0,283.0]},{"text":"昆曲有南昆、北昆之别，其中主要区分的标志之一是南、北音有别。北昆阳上去，无人声字；南昆","confidence":0.9988,"box":[184.0,292.0,1205.0,340.0]},{"text":"为平上去人四声。","confidence":0.9996,"box":[153.0,342.0,333.0,373.0]},{"text":"分析之二：","confidence":0.9975,"box":[186.0,389.0,285.0,421.0]},{"text":"从曲中之装饰符号中可以看出，订谱者以南昆来处理此曲。表现在：","confidence":0.9956,"box":[186.0,437.0,863.0,472.0]},{"text":"1.顿挫之处，都为人声字“数”“列”“脱”“抹”“色”等；","confidence":0.9958,"box":[184.0,483.0,824.0,518.0]},{"text":"2.声韵分唱之字，如“天”“云”“闲”“空”“秋”“斑”“黄”“栏”“香”等平声字都用上","confidence":0.9925,"box":[183.0,529.0,1200.0,568.0]},{"text":"音来处理，都属于南方声腔（北方声腔则下倚音较多）。","confidence":0.9741,"box":[150.0,575.0,698.0,609.0]},{"text":"分析之三：","confidence":0.9972,"box":[181.0,621.0,283.0,652.0]},{"text":"出手常用颤，但不连续在同一小节内使用。","confidence":0.989,"box":[182.0,669.0,604.0,700.0]},{"text":"分析之四：","confidence":0.9998,"box":[180.0,712.0,281.0,744.0]},{"text":"“又”音的使用，有时较密，但要以不同的起点来产生变化。","confidence":0.9946,"box":[190.0,761.0,788.0,795.0]},{"text":"分析之五：","confidence":0.9995,"box":[179.0,807.0,280.0,836.0]},{"text":"丁","confidence":0.9746,"box":[425.0,841.0,443.0,858.0]},{"text":"了","confidence":0.7792,"box":[539.0,842.0,561.0,863.0]},{"text":"“丁”音只用了两次|3323丨1176．丨。","confidence":0.8512,"box":[189.0,852.0,670.0,891.0]},{"text":"分析之六：","confidence":0.9995,"box":[177.0,898.0,279.0,929.0]},{"text":"“赠”未标出，可以比较一下用与不用的结果。","confidence":0.9993,"box":[187.0,946.0,649.0,978.0]},{"text":"音乐的背景为秋高气爽，帝王及时行乐，华贵中带有清新，不宜过于细腻、秀气，音量要强一些，刚","confidence":0.9958,"box":[177.0,992.0,1193.0,1030.0]},{"text":"中带柔。","confidence":0.9775,"box":[136.0,1036.0,213.0,1067.0]},{"text":"分析之七：","confidence":0.9971,"box":[173.0,1083.0,275.0,1113.0]},{"text":"散板形式，以抒情为主，描绘景色为次。震音幅度较大是昆曲特色，多用在结束或半结束句。试练后","confidence":0.9976,"box":[174.0,1130.0,1190.0,1168.0]},{"text":"赛来分析震、颤、赠、打抑扬顿挫的应用方法。","confidence":0.9565,"box":[142.0,1176.0,598.0,1208.0]},{"text":"继续练习两首江南风格的乐曲，重点是通过练习掌握南方风格的装饰技巧。理解抑扬顿挫的演奏特","confidence":0.9982,"box":[172.0,1223.0,1191.0,1260.0]},{"text":"。然后再多方面欣赏及练习较有代表性的乐曲，求得进一步理解，并学会分析处理。","confidence":0.9995,"box":[139.0,1268.0,992.0,1304.0]},{"text":"41","confidence":0.9999,"box":[628.0,1717.0,656.0,1744.0]}],"rawText":"分析之一：\n昆曲有南昆、北昆之别，其中主要区分的标志之一是南、北音有别。北昆阳上去，无人声字；南昆\n为平上去人四声。\n分析之二：\n从曲中之装饰符号中可以看出，订谱者以南昆来处理此曲。表现在：\n1.顿挫之处，都为人声字“数”“列”“脱”“抹”“色”等；\n2.声韵分唱之字，如“天”“云”“闲”“空”“秋”“斑”“黄”“栏”“香”等平声字都用上\n音来处理，都属于南方声腔（北方声腔则下倚音较多）。\n分析之三：\n出手常用颤，但不连续在同一小节内使用。\n分析之四：\n“又”音的使用，有时较密，但要以不同的起点来产生变化。\n分析之五：\n丁\n了\n“丁”音只用了两次|3323丨1176．丨。\n分析之六：\n“赠”未标出，可以比较一下用与不用的结果。\n音乐的背景为秋高气爽，帝王及时行乐，华贵中带有清新，不宜过于细腻、秀气，音量要强一些，刚\n中带柔。\n分析之七：\n散板形式，以抒情为主，描绘景色为次。震音幅度较大是昆曲特色，多用在结束或半结束句。试练后\n赛来分析震、颤、赠、打抑扬顿挫的应用方法。\n继续练习两首江南风格的乐曲，重点是通过练习掌握南方风格的装饰技巧。理解抑扬顿挫的演奏特\n。然后再多方面欣赏及练习较有代表性的乐曲，求得进一步理解，并学会分析处理。\n41","refined":true,"refinedLines":9,"printedPage":41,"chapter":4,"title":"震、叠、赠、打及南方风格的演奏","segments":[{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/047-00.webp","width":165,"height":222,"box":[130,65,295,287],"label":"谱例 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图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["散板形式，以抒情为主，描绘景色为次。震音幅度较大是昆曲特色，多用在结束或半结束句。试练后赛来分析震、颤、赠、打抑扬顿挫的应用方法。","继续练习两首江南风格的乐曲，重点是通过练习掌握南方风格的装饰技巧。理解抑扬顿挫的演奏特。然后再多方面欣赏及练习较有代表性的乐曲，求得进一步理解，并学会分析处理。"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/047-05-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":184,"box":[139.0,1125,1191.0,1309],"confidence":0.988},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/047-06.webp","width":534,"height":486,"box":[130,1309,664,1795],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"}],"text":"分析之一：\n昆曲有南昆、北昆之别，其中主要区分的标志之一是南、北音有别。北昆阳上去，无人声字；南昆\n为平上去人四声。\n分析之二：\n从曲中之装饰符号中可以看出，订谱者以南昆来处理此曲。表现在：\n1.顿挫之处，都为人声字“数”“列”“脱”“抹”“色”等；\n2.声韵分唱之字，如“天”“云”“闲”“空”“秋”“斑”“黄”“栏”“香”等平声字都用上\n音来处理，都属于南方声腔（北方声腔则下倚音较多）。\n分析之三：\n出手常用颤，但不连续在同一小节内使用。\n分析之四：\n“又”音的使用，有时较密，但要以不同的起点来产生变化。\n分析之五：\n“丁”音只用了两次|3323丨1176．丨。\n分析之六：\n“赠”未标出，可以比较一下用与不用的结果。\n音乐的背景为秋高气爽，帝王及时行乐，华贵中带有清新，不宜过于细腻、秀气，音量要强一些，刚\n中带柔。\n分析之七：\n散板形式，以抒情为主，描绘景色为次。震音幅度较大是昆曲特色，多用在结束或半结束句。试练后\n赛来分析震、颤、赠、打抑扬顿挫的应用方法。\n继续练习两首江南风格的乐曲，重点是通过练习掌握南方风格的装饰技巧。理解抑扬顿挫的演奏特\n。然后再多方面欣赏及练习较有代表性的乐曲，求得进一步理解，并学会分析处理。","kind":"图文"},{"page":48,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/048.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/048.webp","lines":[{"text":"姑苏行","confidence":0.9989,"box":[604.0,245.0,747.0,286.0]},{"text":"全按5小工调","confidence":0.9993,"box":[155.0,286.0,310.0,316.0]},{"text":"江先渭曲","confidence":0.9908,"box":[1118.0,284.0,1224.0,315.0]},{"text":"1=C或D","confidence":0.9973,"box":[160.0,353.0,276.0,383.0]},{"text":"t引子","confidence":0.9771,"box":[233.0,386.0,306.0,418.0]},{"text":"散板","confidence":0.9955,"box":[332.0,385.0,388.0,418.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9994,"box":[597.0,394.0,617.0,412.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9991,"box":[965.0,435.0,977.0,450.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9986,"box":[556.0,595.0,578.0,617.0]},{"text":"慢到快再到慢","confidence":0.9138,"box":[750.0,589.0,895.0,619.0]},{"text":"望","confidence":0.6538,"box":[558.0,617.0,578.0,646.0]},{"text":"2312","confidence":0.8833,"box":[743.0,622.0,833.0,662.0]},{"text":"6i56","confidence":0.8786,"box":[875.0,622.0,960.0,661.0]},{"text":"3523","confidence":0.9991,"box":[1002.0,630.0,1080.0,658.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9992,"box":[1139.0,635.0,1153.0,650.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9967,"box":[1172.0,630.0,1194.0,651.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.999,"box":[175.0,792.0,194.0,808.0]},{"text":"4","confidence":0.9999,"box":[271.0,820.0,287.0,841.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9996,"box":[369.0,819.0,389.0,842.0]},{"text":"4","confidence":0.9551,"box":[387.0,818.0,432.0,844.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9993,"box":[496.0,818.0,519.0,841.0]},{"text":"4","confidence":0.9258,"box":[513.0,819.0,558.0,841.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9995,"box":[784.0,817.0,800.0,837.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9995,"box":[1020.0,814.0,1039.0,837.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9725,"box":[1066.0,812.0,1085.0,834.0]},{"text":"慢板","confidence":0.995,"box":[458.0,954.0,512.0,984.0]},{"text":"丁","confidence":0.3509,"box":[579.0,964.0,598.0,980.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9842,"box":[182.0,977.0,198.0,995.0]},{"text":"丁","confidence":0.8584,"box":[872.0,975.0,892.0,993.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.8203,"box":[915.0,975.0,938.0,995.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9985,"box":[1184.0,973.0,1204.0,990.0]},{"text":"12","confidence":0.8058,"box":[569.0,991.0,622.0,1028.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9991,"box":[263.0,1005.0,279.0,1028.0]},{"text":"6i","confidence":0.8014,"box":[642.0,997.0,686.0,1024.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9993,"box":[702.0,1004.0,717.0,1024.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9833,"box":[776.0,997.0,803.0,1027.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9994,"box":[870.0,1001.0,890.0,1024.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9896,"box":[913.0,1000.0,933.0,1023.0]},{"text":"3257","confidence":0.9983,"box":[1115.0,996.0,1201.0,1023.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9456,"box":[180.0,1006.0,192.0,1025.0]},{"text":"赠","confidence":0.9972,"box":[731.0,1148.0,755.0,1170.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9991,"box":[280.0,1160.0,299.0,1177.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9856,"box":[464.0,1161.0,478.0,1174.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9899,"box":[845.0,1157.0,864.0,1173.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9988,"box":[1022.0,1153.0,1043.0,1175.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9984,"box":[1110.0,1152.0,1133.0,1174.0]},{"text":"6i","confidence":0.9548,"box":[505.0,1178.0,561.0,1208.0]},{"text":"5612","confidence":0.9119,"box":[781.0,1175.0,861.0,1207.0]},{"text":"23i","confidence":0.8338,"box":[395.0,1179.0,466.0,1212.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9996,"box":[567.0,1185.0,582.0,1205.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.997,"box":[965.0,1184.0,983.0,1202.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9937,"box":[982.0,1182.0,1004.0,1203.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9996,"box":[1023.0,1182.0,1038.0,1203.0]},{"text":"1624","confidence":0.9981,"box":[1085.0,1176.0,1167.0,1207.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.998,"box":[164.0,1187.0,181.0,1209.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.996,"box":[243.0,1187.0,259.0,1209.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9995,"box":[279.0,1187.0,294.0,1209.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9743,"box":[738.0,1186.0,750.0,1202.0]},{"text":"n","confidence":0.4069,"box":[179.0,1349.0,196.0,1369.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.964,"box":[442.0,1345.0,461.0,1362.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9984,"box":[536.0,1344.0,558.0,1365.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9679,"box":[716.0,1342.0,739.0,1363.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.998,"box":[843.0,1344.0,862.0,1361.0]},{"text":"3.2","confidence":0.9792,"box":[163.0,1370.0,222.0,1399.0]},{"text":"3561"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滑音","confidence":0.8381,"box":[517.0,240.0,880.0,285.0]},{"text":"能够圆滑地演奏，是中国竹笛的重要特点之一。它既能应用于该谐风趣的乐曲之中，也能应用于低沉","confidence":0.9818,"box":[201.0,324.0,1236.0,358.0]},{"text":"哀怨的乐曲之中。特别有效果的是它能模拟人声、鸟鸣及其他自然界音响，使竹笛具有浓厚的生活气息。","confidence":0.9978,"box":[164.0,361.0,1223.0,391.0]},{"text":"北方风格的笛子曲几乎十有八九使用了这种技巧。不过，对这种技巧的应用持谨慎态度，应用得好就能大","confidence":0.9983,"box":[163.0,395.0,1235.0,426.0]},{"text":"大地增强乐曲的艺术效果，如果应用得不好，那就会破坏乐曲的情趣，特别是庄严、雄伟的乐曲就不能应","confidence":0.9977,"box":[164.0,430.0,1235.0,462.0]},{"text":"用它。南方丝竹把它作为禁忌，这是生活习惯的影响，是风格的要求。至于一般民歌体裁的南方乐曲则完","confidence":0.9978,"box":[164.0,465.0,1234.0,497.0]},{"text":"全可以使用，重要的是要有所鉴别。","confidence":0.9993,"box":[165.0,505.0,527.0,531.0]},{"text":"圆滑音的技巧既然很重要，就要系统地加以训练。要训练每个手指的圆滑能力，要训练各种音程之间","confidence":0.9986,"box":[210.0,535.0,1234.0,566.0]},{"text":"的圆滑进行。这样训练的结果，不但能使演奏得心应手，把笛子变成像自已的声带一样可以自由地歌唱，","confidence":0.9884,"box":[164.0,570.0,1224.0,601.0]},{"text":"而且也为练习转调、演奏半音阶等打下基础。","confidence":0.9768,"box":[164.0,608.0,619.0,634.0]},{"text":"下面介绍五首圆滑音练习曲：","confidence":0.9992,"box":[211.0,644.0,504.0,670.0]},{"text":"练习一（二度滑进）","confidence":0.9874,"box":[542.0,705.0,877.0,743.0]},{"text":"全按2正官调","confidence":0.9501,"box":[170.0,749.0,322.0,776.0]},{"text":"2334","confidence":0.999,"box":[748.0,831.0,819.0,864.0]},{"text":"6771","confidence":0.9558,"box":[1032.0,825.0,1105.0,864.0]},{"text":"2334","confidence":0.9991,"box":[214.0,836.0,281.0,865.0]},{"text":"4556","confidence":0.9992,"box":[325.0,837.0,395.0,862.0]},{"text":"6771","confidence":0.9993,"box":[499.0,835.0,569.0,864.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9993,"box":[598.0,837.0,619.0,861.0]},{"text":"4556","confidence":0.9995,"box":[860.0,834.0,930.0,862.0]},{"text":"√J","confidence":0.3719,"box":[568.0,915.0,624.0,943.0]},{"text":"JJ","confidence":0.5381,"box":[1130.0,920.0,1185.0,946.0]},{"text":"2117","confidence":0.904,"box":[286.0,941.0,358.0,976.0]},{"text":"2332","confidence":0.9974,"box":[171.0,943.0,246.0,975.0]},{"text":"1221","confidence":0.9278,"box":[469.0,946.0,523.0,968.0]},{"text":"1776","confidence":0.9942,"box":[563.0,943.0,637.0,975.0]},{"text":"7117","confidence":0.9969,"box":[736.0,948.0,798.0,969.0]},{"text":"7665","confidence":0.9983,"box":[845.0,946.0,916.0,974.0]},{"text":"6776","confidence":0.9996,"box":[1020.0,945.0,1094.0,973.0]},{"text":"6554","confidence":0.9993,"box":[1124.0,944.0,1191.0,972.0]},{"text":"4332","confidence":0.9985,"box":[487.0,1068.0,559.0,1100.0]},{"text":"5643","confidence":0.9989,"box":[728.0,1071.0,799.0,1099.0]},{"text":"3243","confidence":0.9984,"box":[1037.0,1068.0,1109.0,1098.0]},{"text":"5465","confidence":0.9991,"box":[1126.0,1070.0,1198.0,1098.0]},{"text":"5665","confidence":0.999,"box":[171.0,1075.0,240.0,1100.0]},{"text":"5443","confidence":0.9995,"box":[267.0,1075.0,335.0,1100.0]},{"text":"4554","confidence":0.9992,"box":[392.0,1074.0,464.0,1102.0]},{"text":"76","confidence":0.9985,"box":[650.0,1074.0,682.0,1097.0]},{"text":"J","confidence":0.3547,"box":[376.0,1157.0,431.0,1185.0]},{"text":"J.J","confidence":0.6502,"box":[468.0,1156.0,529.0,1189.0]},{"text":"，，","confidence":0.4412,"box":[1048.0,1158.0,1113.0,1183.0]},{"text":"2312","confidence":0.9984,"box":[830.0,1180.0,904.0,1211.0]},{"text":"3243","confidence":0.9991,"box":[379.0,1185.0,452.0,1213.0]},{"text":"5465","confidence":0.9989,"box":[474.0,1186.0,545.0,1211.0]},{"text":"761.7","confidence":0.9912,"box":[603.0,1184.0,675.0,1213.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9869,"box":[716.0,1184.0,736.0,1207.0]},{"text":"7167","confidence":0.9986,"box":[931.0,1183.0,1004.0,1208.0]},{"text":"5645","confidence":0.9994,"box":[1052.0,1184.0,1123.0,1209.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9995,"box":[1144.0,1185.0,1160.0,1206.0]},{"text":"1271","confidence":0.8768,"box":[169.0,1293.0,237.0,1328.0]},{"text":"6756","confidence":0.9997,"box":[274.0,1300.0,341.0,1325.0]},{"text":"4534","confidence":0.999,"box":[398.0,1297.0,469.0,1328.0]},{"text":"7167","confidence":0.9985,"box":[614.0,1299.0,678.0,1324.0]},{"text":"5645","confidence":0.9993,"box":[721.0,1297.0,790.0,1325.0]},{"text":"3423","confidence":0.9988,"box":[835.0,1297.0,904.0,1325.0]},{"text":"271","confidence":0.9991,"box":[945.0,1294.0,998.0,1320.0]},{"text":"6756","confidence":0.9988,"box":[1046.0,1295.0,1118.0,1322.0]},{"text":"4534","confidence":0.9996,"box":[1133.0,1296.0,1200.0,1320.0]},{"text":"1271","confidence":0.9959,"box":[704.0,1382.0,774.0,1419.0]},{"text":"6756","confidence":0.9987,"box":[815.0,1382.0,888.0,1420.0]},{"text":"4534","confidence":0.9948,"box":[1002.0,1384.0,1073.0,1416.0]},{"text":"2312","confidence":0.9987,"box":[174.0,1392.0,245.0,1421.0]},{"text":"7167","confidence":0.9941,"box":[289.0,1392.0,348.0,1418.0]},{"text":"5645","confidence":0.9991,"box":[445.0,1393.0,518.0,1418.0]},{"text":"3423","confidence":0.9976,"box":[521.0,1391.0,602.0,1419.0]},{"text":"2312","confidence":0.9984,"box":[1119.0,1387.0,1190.0,1415.0]},{"text":"7167","confidence":0.998,"box":[175.0,1503.0,250.0,1535.0]},{"text":"5645","confidence":0.9961,"box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 圆  滑音\n能够圆滑地演奏，是中国竹笛的重要特点之一。它既能应用于该谐风趣的乐曲之中，也能应用于低沉\n哀怨的乐曲之中。特别有效果的是它能模拟人声、鸟鸣及其他自然界音响，使竹笛具有浓厚的生活气息。\n北方风格的笛子曲几乎十有八九使用了这种技巧。不过，对这种技巧的应用持谨慎态度，应用得好就能大\n大地增强乐曲的艺术效果，如果应用得不好，那就会破坏乐曲的情趣，特别是庄严、雄伟的乐曲就不能应\n用它。南方丝竹把它作为禁忌，这是生活习惯的影响，是风格的要求。至于一般民歌体裁的南方乐曲则完\n全可以使用，重要的是要有所鉴别。\n圆滑音的技巧既然很重要，就要系统地加以训练。要训练每个手指的圆滑能力，要训练各种音程之间\n的圆滑进行。这样训练的结果，不但能使演奏得心应手，把笛子变成像自已的声带一样可以自由地歌唱，\n而且也为练习转调、演奏半音阶等打下基础。\n下面介绍五首圆滑音练习曲：\n练习一（二度滑进）\n全按2正官调\n2334\n6771\n2334\n4556\n6771\n2\n4556\n√J\nJJ\n2117\n2332\n1221\n1776\n7117\n7665\n6776\n6554\n4332\n5643\n3243\n5465\n5665\n5443\n4554\n76\nJ\nJ.J\n，，\n2312\n3243\n5465\n761.7\n6\n7167\n5645\n3\n1271\n6756\n4534\n7167\n5645\n3423\n271\n6756\n4534\n1271\n6756\n4534\n2312\n7167\n5645\n3423\n2312\n7167\n5645\n3\n4\n5\n6\n50","refined":true,"refinedLines":7,"printedPage":50,"chapter":5,"title":"圆滑音","segments":[{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/056-00.webp","width":380,"height":63,"box":[509,232,889,295],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["能够圆滑地演奏，是中国竹笛的重要特点之一。它既能应用于该谐风趣的乐曲之中，也能应用于低沉哀怨的乐曲之中。特别有效果的是它能模拟人声、鸟鸣及其他自然界音响，使竹笛具有浓厚的生活气息。北方风格的笛子曲几乎十有八九使用了这种技巧。不过，对这种技巧的应用持谨慎态度，应用得好就能大大地增强乐曲的艺术效果，如果应用得不好，那就会破坏乐曲的情趣，特别是庄严、雄伟的乐曲就不能应用它。南方丝竹把它作为禁忌，这是生活习惯的影响，是风格的要求。至于一般民歌体裁的南方乐曲则完全可以使用，重要的是要有所鉴别。","圆滑音的技巧既然很重要，就要系统地加以训练。要训练每个手指的圆滑能力，要训练各种音程之间的圆滑进行。这样训练的结果，不但能使演奏得心应手，把笛子变成像自已的声带一样可以自由地歌唱，而且也为练习转调、演奏半音阶等打下基础。","下面介绍五首圆滑音练习曲：","练习一（二度滑进）"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/056-01-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":429,"box":[163.0,319,1236.0,748],"confidence":0.993},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/056-02.webp","width":1086,"height":1006,"box":[157,748,1243,1754],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"}],"text":"第五讲  圆  滑音\n能够圆滑地演奏，是中国竹笛的重要特点之一。它既能应用于该谐风趣的乐曲之中，也能应用于低沉\n哀怨的乐曲之中。特别有效果的是它能模拟人声、鸟鸣及其他自然界音响，使竹笛具有浓厚的生活气息。\n北方风格的笛子曲几乎十有八九使用了这种技巧。不过，对这种技巧的应用持谨慎态度，应用得好就能大\n大地增强乐曲的艺术效果，如果应用得不好，那就会破坏乐曲的情趣，特别是庄严、雄伟的乐曲就不能应\n用它。南方丝竹把它作为禁忌，这是生活习惯的影响，是风格的要求。至于一般民歌体裁的南方乐曲则完\n全可以使用，重要的是要有所鉴别。\n圆滑音的技巧既然很重要，就要系统地加以训练。要训练每个手指的圆滑能力，要训练各种音程之间\n的圆滑进行。这样训练的结果，不但能使演奏得心应手，把笛子变成像自已的声带一样可以自由地歌唱，\n而且也为练习转调、演奏半音阶等打下基础。\n下面介绍五首圆滑音练习曲：\n练习一（二度滑进）\n全按2正官调","kind":"图文"},{"page":57,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/057.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/057.webp","lines":[{"text":"rit","confidence":0.9982,"box":[183.0,231.0,216.0,256.0]},{"text":"17","confidence":0.9158,"box":[177.0,285.0,227.0,315.0]},{"text":"65","confidence":0.9981,"box":[260.0,284.0,318.0,314.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9982,"box":[489.0,290.0,505.0,309.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9969,"box":[775.0,289.0,789.0,304.0]},{"text":"※#1指法：开第一、二、六孔；2指法：开第一、二、三、六孔。","confidence":0.9709,"box":[177.0,347.0,861.0,376.0]},{"text":"注：①用轻吐把每拍中的两个圆滑音隔开；②尽可能地圆滑；③指法要自然、不僵直、不紧张；④发音准","confidence":0.9883,"box":[177.0,398.0,1248.0,427.0]},{"text":"确；5速度不必很快；6榔笛、曲笛交替练习。","confidence":0.953,"box":[222.0,451.0,699.0,478.0]},{"text":"练习二(三度滑进)","confidence":0.91,"box":[564.0,519.0,876.0,558.0]},{"text":"反复高","confidence":0.9996,"box":[1153.0,601.0,1223.0,632.0]},{"text":"4","confidence":0.962,"box":[494.0,630.0,503.0,641.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9972,"box":[602.0,630.0,616.0,643.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9866,"box":[628.0,629.0,642.0,643.0]},{"text":"42424242","confidence":0.9988,"box":[720.0,621.0,922.0,650.0]},{"text":"4444","confidence":0.9998,"box":[976.0,621.0,1070.0,648.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9994,"box":[1088.0,626.0,1101.0,643.0]},{"text":"八度","confidence":1.0,"box":[1153.0,627.0,1200.0,657.0]},{"text":"535","confidence":0.9992,"box":[835.0,729.0,914.0,753.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9996,"box":[1055.0,729.0,1071.0,750.0]},{"text":"同上","confidence":0.9998,"box":[1147.0,720.0,1216.0,756.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9981,"box":[283.0,737.0,297.0,750.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.8305,"box":[366.0,731.0,389.0,753.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.532,"box":[229.0,730.0,254.0,755.0]},{"text":"64：同上","confidence":0.6422,"box":[974.0,815.0,1220.0,864.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9939,"box":[260.0,841.0,277.0,854.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9585,"box":[494.0,841.0,510.0,853.0]},{"text":"|经同上","confidence":0.5517,"box":[950.0,919.0,1218.0,976.0]},{"text":"5775","confidence":0.9995,"box":[470.0,946.0,561.0,966.0]},{"text":"755","confidence":0.9994,"box":[587.0,946.0,650.0,966.0]},{"text":"575","confidence":0.9968,"box":[745.0,943.0,831.0,966.0]},{"text":"7575","confidence":0.9969,"box":[829.0,943.0,930.0,966.0]},{"text":"位：同上","confidence":0.7196,"box":[953.0,1010.0,1219.0,1070.0]},{"text":"616","confidence":0.9976,"box":[743.0,1038.0,813.0,1055.0]},{"text":"1'616","confidence":0.9078,"box":[817.0,1025.0,924.0,1064.0]},{"text":"练习三（四度滑进）","confidence":0.9846,"box":[555.0,1120.0,882.0,1159.0]},{"text":"475i","confidence":0.9377,"box":[830.0,1222.0,939.0,1267.0]},{"text":"2 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#67\n6#56\n434\n5 #45\n6#56\ni7i\n:2\n2#i2\nhi7i\n?\n#\n#\n#\n#\nV\n子\nH2\n7#67\nH6#56\n5.#4.5\nH4  3 4\n3#23\n212\n171\n#\n#\n#\n5#45\n4.3 4\n3#23\n#1\n2\n2\n注：降低或升高达到半音，结合轻吐可做到清楚地演奏，去掉轻吐则为极圆滑的演奏。\n将气变音和指变的圆滑技巧结合在一起，就可以使笛子的演奏具有人的声带一般的自由滑动的性能。\n让我们较细致地来练习一首京剧流水板：\n教材“京剧流水板\n正宫全按“2”\n1\n过门 6\n32|11\n65\n5.5\n36\n55\n6..2\n1\n6\n7\n5i\n6.1\n3535\n63\n0\n1\n5.\n5\n1\n6\n5\n3\n0\n5\n大\n街\n前\n苏\n三\n离\n了\n洪洞\n县\n将身\n来在\ni\n03\n35\n65\n3\n6\n6.5\n63\n56\n5\n惨过\n君子\n听\n我\n言\n未\n曾\n开\n言我\n心好\n往的\n54","refined":true,"refinedLines":2,"printedPage":54,"chapter":5,"title":"圆滑音","segments":[{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/060-00.webp","width":1091,"height":669,"box":[152,247,1243,916],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["将气变音和指变的圆滑技巧结合在一起，就可以使笛子的演奏具有人的声带一般的自由滑动的性能。让我们较细致地来练习一首京剧流水板："],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/060-01-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":87,"box":[163.0,944,1222.0,1031],"confidence":0.999},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/060-02.webp","width":1092,"height":653,"box":[151,1099,1243,1752],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"}],"text":"练习六（气变音练习）\n全按2正宫调\n注：降低或升高达到半音，结合轻吐可做到清楚地演奏，去掉轻吐则为极圆滑的演奏。\n将气变音和指变的圆滑技巧结合在一起，就可以使笛子的演奏具有人的声带一般的自由滑动的性能。\n让我们较细致地来练习一首京剧流水板：\n教材“京剧流水板\n正宫全按“2”\n过门 6\n洪洞\n将身\n来在\n惨过\n君子\n言我\n心好\n往的","kind":"图文"},{"page":61,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/061.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/061.webp","lines":[{"text":"65.","confidence":0.8868,"box":[501.0,269.0,552.0,291.0]},{"text":"33","confidence":0.9989,"box":[591.0,269.0,640.0,290.0]},{"text":"61","confidence":0.9441,"box":[773.0,264.0,821.0,290.0]},{"text":"3535","confidence":0.9984,"box":[851.0,262.0,923.0,293.0]},{"text":"63","confidence":0.9955,"box":[966.0,263.0,1017.0,292.0]},{"text":"D","confidence":0.442,"box":[1080.0,269.0,1093.0,285.0]},{"text":"1","confidence":0.9824,"box":[1089.0,266.0,1119.0,286.0]},{"text":"5.6","confidence":0.9192,"box":[1152.0,262.0,1200.0,290.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.8322,"box":[192.0,271.0,204.0,289.0]},{"text":"15","confidence":0.8539,"box":[696.0,272.0,724.0,287.0]},{"text":"把言","confidence":0.9772,"box":[1092.0,293.0,1188.0,328.0]},{"text":"那","confidence":0.9992,"box":[184.0,298.0,213.0,330.0]},{"text":"位","confidence":0.9999,"box":[343.0,301.0,372.0,327.0]},{"text":"去","confidence":0.9922,"box":[433.0,300.0,473.0,327.0]},{"text":"往南京","confidence":0.9998,"box":[523.0,298.0,650.0,329.0]},{"text":"转","confidence":1.0,"box":[774.0,297.0,805.0,327.0]},{"text":"与我那","confidence":0.8977,"box":[835.0,298.0,933.0,325.0]},{"text":"三郎","confidence":0.9995,"box":[923.0,297.0,1025.0,325.0]},{"text":"3.5","confidence":0.9856,"box":[337.0,424.0,384.0,454.0]},{"text":"65","confidence":0.9994,"box":[505.0,423.0,562.0,452.0]},{"text":"ili","confidence":0.8124,"box":[576.0,419.0,649.0,452.0]},{"text":"67","confidence":0.957,"box":[785.0,420.0,832.0,447.0]},{"text":"65","confidence":0.9992,"box":[873.0,424.0,914.0,447.0]},{"text":"5.6","confidence":0.9991,"box":[973.0,422.0,1023.0,448.0]},{"text":"35","confidence":0.9994,"box":[1077.0,424.0,1124.0,446.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9937,"box":[187.0,427.0,203.0,452.0]},{"text":"03","confidence":0.9781,"box":[260.0,426.0,299.0,453.0]},{"text":"1","confidence":0.9915,"box":[411.0,429.0,424.0,445.0]},{"text":"35","confidence":0.9996,"box":[692.0,426.0,736.0,448.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.998,"box":[1175.0,427.0,1188.0,442.0]},{"text":"传","confidence":0.9999,"box":[185.0,455.0,210.0,489.0]},{"text":"就","confidence":1.0,"box":[276.0,457.0,306.0,488.0]},{"text":"说苏","confidence":0.9998,"box":[356.0,455.0,437.0,490.0]},{"text":"三我荡命","confidence":0.9998,"box":[504.0,457.0,654.0,488.0]},{"text":"短来生变犬.","confidence":0.9223,"box":[775.0,451.0,1032.0,488.0]},{"text":"马","confidence":0.9996,"box":[1165.0,452.0,1195.0,482.0]},{"text":"56","confidence":0.996,"box":[186.0,590.0,242.0,616.0]},{"text":"1","confidence":0.8276,"box":[302.0,587.0,318.0,612.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9946,"box":[564.0,591.0,581.0,613.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9991,"box":[728.0,591.0,744.0,612.0]},{"text":"C","confidence":0.3774,"box":[1135.0,591.0,1142.0,604.0]},{"text":"我就","confidence":0.9991,"box":[182.0,622.0,285.0,653.0]},{"text":"当","confidence":0.9996,"box":[296.0,622.0,329.0,652.0]},{"text":"报","confidence":0.9998,"box":[411.0,620.0,443.0,652.0]},{"text":"还","confidence":0.9999,"box":[725.0,619.0,755.0,651.0]},{"text":"分析之一：","confidence":0.9917,"box":[207.0,698.0,314.0,731.0]},{"text":"这是一首很有名的京剧唱腔，流派不同唱腔也就不很--致。因此要吹好此曲，就必须先学习唱腔，怎","confidence":0.9881,"box":[209.0,742.0,1231.0,774.0]},{"text":"样唱就怎样吹，笛子成了人的歌喉，模拟性非常强烈。","confidence":0.9866,"box":[169.0,795.0,706.0,818.0]},{"text":"分析之二：","confidence":0.9995,"box":[209.0,840.0,313.0,867.0]},{"text":"女声的戏曲唱腔，婉转柔情要富有抑扬顿挫的美感。切忌照谱演奏呆板而没有变化。","confidence":0.997,"box":[209.0,882.0,1055.0,912.0]},{"text":"分析之三：","confidence":0.9995,"box":[208.0,932.0,313.0,959.0]},{"text":"声随词转，要使人听出声与腔的部位，而不是声、腔不分；在技巧上要充分发挥舌的功能，要仔细地","confidence":0.9992,"box":[207.0,973.0,1231.0,1005.0]},{"text":"领会舌头动作中“吐”、“嘟”、“”、“噜”的不同应用方法。","confidence":0.9949,"box":[166.0,1020.0,850.0,1051.0]},{"text":"分析之四：","confidence":0.999,"box":[209.0,1071.0,314.0,1098.0]},{"text":"手指的圆滑动作，不能使音量起到抑扬的变化，必须把气变音和指法结合起来，同时要注意音准、音","confidence":0.9991,"box":[210.0,1112.0,1231.0,1143.0]},{"text":"色、音量这三种特性的完美结合。","confidence":0.9844,"box":[168.0,1163.0,498.0,1189.0]},{"text":"滑音是笛子重要的演奏技巧，特别是北派演奏家用以表现风格的重要手段。在记谱上，以孤线箭头为","confidence":0.9979,"box":[208.0,1250.0,1232.0,1282.0]},{"text":"标记，但仅从谱面上是无法奏出各种风格的。也就是说，演奏家们运用的各种滑音技巧，是无法用记谱标","confidence":0.9991,"box":[166.0,1296.0,1232.0,1328.0]},{"text":"记完全体现出来，甚至用语言也难以说清，只有现场的视听感觉，才能领会到其中的奥秘。","confidence":0.9975,"box":[167.0,1343.0,1084.0,1375.0]},{"text":"北派风格有很多著名的演奏家，如冯子存、刘管乐、梁培印、王铁锤、刘森、高明、李镇，等等。其","confidence":0.9988,"box":[208.0,1388.0,1233.0,1422.0]},{"text":"中冯子存、刘森运用的滑音技巧最典型也最具有特色。","confidence":0.9991,"box":[167.0,1439.0,708.0,1466.0]},{"text":"冯子存，1904年出生于河北省阳原县一个农民家庭，他从小就酷爱竹笛，1953年进中央歌舞团，以","confidence":0.9971,"box":[208.0,1481.0,1233.0,1513.0]},{"text":"河北省代表的身分，参加了全国第一届民间音乐舞蹈观摩会演大会，用笛子独奏的形式，演奏了《喜相","confidence":0.9952,"box":[166.0,1527.0,1233.0,1560.0]},{"text":"逢》《放风筝》两首乐曲，从而结束了笛子仅是伴奏的历史，第一次把笛子独奏搬上了文艺舞台。这个贡","confidence":0.9985,"box":[166.0,1573.0,1233.0,1606.0]},{"text":"献是巨大的。不仅如此，冯子存以他独特的演奏风格，成为北派的典型代表。冯老的作品大多取材于“二","confidence":0.999,"box":[166.0,1619.0,1232.0,1652.0]},{"text":"55","confidence":0.9998,"box":[682.0,1716.0,710.0,1743.0]}],"rawText":"65.\n33\n61\n3535\n63\nD\n1\n5.6\n6\n15\n把言\n那\n位\n去\n往南京\n转\n与我那\n三郎\n3.5\n65\nili\n67\n65\n5.6\n35\n5\n03\n1\n35\n6\n传\n就\n说苏\n三我荡命\n短来生变犬.\n马\n56\n1\n6\n3\nC\n我就\n当\n报\n还\n分析之一：\n这是一首很有名的京剧唱腔，流派不同唱腔也就不很--致。因此要吹好此曲，就必须先学习唱腔，怎\n样唱就怎样吹，笛子成了人的歌喉，模拟性非常强烈。\n分析之二：\n女声的戏曲唱腔，婉转柔情要富有抑扬顿挫的美感。切忌照谱演奏呆板而没有变化。\n分析之三：\n声随词转，要使人听出声与腔的部位，而不是声、腔不分；在技巧上要充分发挥舌的功能，要仔细地\n领会舌头动作中“吐”、“嘟”、“”、“噜”的不同应用方法。\n分析之四：\n手指的圆滑动作，不能使音量起到抑扬的变化，必须把气变音和指法结合起来，同时要注意音准、音\n色、音量这三种特性的完美结合。\n滑音是笛子重要的演奏技巧，特别是北派演奏家用以表现风格的重要手段。在记谱上，以孤线箭头为\n标记，但仅从谱面上是无法奏出各种风格的。也就是说，演奏家们运用的各种滑音技巧，是无法用记谱标\n记完全体现出来，甚至用语言也难以说清，只有现场的视听感觉，才能领会到其中的奥秘。\n北派风格有很多著名的演奏家，如冯子存、刘管乐、梁培印、王铁锤、刘森、高明、李镇，等等。其\n中冯子存、刘森运用的滑音技巧最典型也最具有特色。\n冯子存，1904年出生于河北省阳原县一个农民家庭，他从小就酷爱竹笛，1953年进中央歌舞团，以\n河北省代表的身分，参加了全国第一届民间音乐舞蹈观摩会演大会，用笛子独奏的形式，演奏了《喜相\n逢》《放风筝》两首乐曲，从而结束了笛子仅是伴奏的历史，第一次把笛子独奏搬上了文艺舞台。这个贡\n献是巨大的。不仅如此，冯子存以他独特的演奏风格，成为北派的典型代表。冯老的作品大多取材于“二\n55","refined":true,"refinedLines":13,"printedPage":55,"chapter":5,"title":"圆滑音","segments":[{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/061-00.webp","width":1110,"height":670,"box":[130,65,1240,735],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["这是一首很有名的京剧唱腔，流派不同唱腔也就不很--致。因此要吹好此曲，就必须先学习唱腔，怎样唱就怎样吹，笛子成了人的歌喉，模拟性非常强烈。"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/061-01-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":86,"box":[169.0,737,1231.0,823],"confidence":0.987},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/061-02.webp","width":869,"height":137,"box":[198,830,1067,967],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["声随词转，要使人听出声与腔的部位，而不是声、腔不分；在技巧上要充分发挥舌的功能，要仔细地领会舌头动作中“吐”、“嘟”、“”、“噜”的不同应用方法。"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/061-03-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":88,"box":[166.0,968,1231.0,1056],"confidence":0.997},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/061-04.webp","width":123,"height":44,"box":[198,1061,321,1105],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["手指的圆滑动作，不能使音量起到抑扬的变化，必须把气变音和指法结合起来，同时要注意音准、音色、音量这三种特性的完美结合。"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/061-05-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":87,"box":[168.0,1107,1231.0,1194],"confidence":0.992},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["滑音是笛子重要的演奏技巧，特别是北派演奏家用以表现风格的重要手段。在记谱上，以孤线箭头为标记，但仅从谱面上是无法奏出各种风格的。也就是说，演奏家们运用的各种滑音技巧，是无法用记谱标记完全体现出来，甚至用语言也难以说清，只有现场的视听感觉，才能领会到其中的奥秘。","北派风格有很多著名的演奏家，如冯子存、刘管乐、梁培印、王铁锤、刘森、高明、李镇，等等。其中冯子存、刘森运用的滑音技巧最典型也最具有特色。","冯子存，1904年出生于河北省阳原县一个农民家庭，他从小就酷爱竹笛，1953年进中央歌舞团，以河北省代表的身分，参加了全国第一届民间音乐舞蹈观摩会演大会，用笛子独奏的形式，演奏了《喜相逢》《放风筝》两首乐曲，从而结束了笛子仅是伴奏的历史，第一次把笛子独奏搬上了文艺舞台。这个贡献是巨大的。不仅如此，冯子存以他独特的演奏风格，成为北派的典型代表。冯老的作品大多取材于“二"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/061-06-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":412,"box":[166.0,1245,1233.0,1657],"confidence":0.998},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/061-07.webp","width":45,"height":41,"box":[673,1707,718,1748],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"}],"text":"把言\n往南京\n与我那\n三郎\n说苏\n三我荡命\n短来生变犬.\n我就\n分析之一：\n这是一首很有名的京剧唱腔，流派不同唱腔也就不很--致。因此要吹好此曲，就必须先学习唱腔，怎\n样唱就怎样吹，笛子成了人的歌喉，模拟性非常强烈。\n分析之二：\n女声的戏曲唱腔，婉转柔情要富有抑扬顿挫的美感。切忌照谱演奏呆板而没有变化。\n分析之三：\n声随词转，要使人听出声与腔的部位，而不是声、腔不分；在技巧上要充分发挥舌的功能，要仔细地\n领会舌头动作中“吐”、“嘟”、“”、“噜”的不同应用方法。\n分析之四：\n手指的圆滑动作，不能使音量起到抑扬的变化，必须把气变音和指法结合起来，同时要注意音准、音\n色、音量这三种特性的完美结合。\n滑音是笛子重要的演奏技巧，特别是北派演奏家用以表现风格的重要手段。在记谱上，以孤线箭头为\n标记，但仅从谱面上是无法奏出各种风格的。也就是说，演奏家们运用的各种滑音技巧，是无法用记谱标\n记完全体现出来，甚至用语言也难以说清，只有现场的视听感觉，才能领会到其中的奥秘。\n北派风格有很多著名的演奏家，如冯子存、刘管乐、梁培印、王铁锤、刘森、高明、李镇，等等。其\n中冯子存、刘森运用的滑音技巧最典型也最具有特色。\n冯子存，1904年出生于河北省阳原县一个农民家庭，他从小就酷爱竹笛，1953年进中央歌舞团，以\n河北省代表的身分，参加了全国第一届民间音乐舞蹈观摩会演大会，用笛子独奏的形式，演奏了《喜相\n逢》《放风筝》两首乐曲，从而结束了笛子仅是伴奏的历史，第一次把笛子独奏搬上了文艺舞台。这个贡\n献是巨大的。不仅如此，冯子存以他独特的演奏风格，成为北派的典型代表。冯老的作品大多取材于“二","kind":"图文"},{"page":62,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/062.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/062.webp","lines":[{"text":"人台”山西榔子和民歌小调，重要的代表作有《喜相逢》《放风筝》《农民翻身》《黄莺亮翅》《五郴","confidence":0.9772,"box":[162.0,231.0,1231.0,264.0]},{"text":"子》《挂红灯》《万年红》等。演奏技巧，多以滑音、垛音、单吐、三吐、花舌、颤音为主。冯老演奏的","confidence":0.9947,"box":[163.0,278.0,1231.0,310.0]},{"text":"滑音速度不快，过程稍长，用得很多，如《黄莺亮翅》，几乎通篇都是滑音。","confidence":0.9975,"box":[162.0,326.0,946.0,357.0]},{"text":"刘森是50年代较年轻的著名演奏家，他独创的演奏风格极富歌唱性，抒情而优美，特别受青年人的","confidence":0.9977,"box":[209.0,371.0,1230.0,403.0]},{"text":"喜爱，体现了一种青春的活力。代表作有《牧笛》《山村小景》《小放牛》《裁秧忙》","confidence":0.9878,"box":[162.0,418.0,1040.0,451.0]},{"text":"《山歌》等。刘森","confidence":0.9995,"box":[1053.0,419.0,1229.0,445.0]},{"text":"的滑音运用得很自如，速度比冯老的稍快些。整个滑音很圆滑，似乎是划了一个圈，如","confidence":0.9877,"box":[163.0,464.0,1052.0,497.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9949,"box":[1075.0,482.0,1090.0,495.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9879,"box":[1123.0,482.0,1135.0,495.0]},{"text":"可以说，冯老、刘森两种风格的特色与滑音有很大的关系。","confidence":0.9995,"box":[212.0,515.0,804.0,541.0]},{"text":"另外，刘管乐老师的滑音速度就比较快，富有创新精神。","confidence":0.9992,"box":[210.0,560.0,781.0,588.0]},{"text":"让我们来练习他们的几首乐曲：","confidence":0.9981,"box":[210.0,608.0,526.0,634.0]},{"text":"笛","confidence":0.9795,"box":[644.0,673.0,786.0,718.0]},{"text":"牧","confidence":1.0,"box":[619.0,680.0,662.0,713.0]},{"text":"刘炽曲","confidence":0.9995,"box":[1130.0,708.0,1232.0,742.0]},{"text":"刘森改编","confidence":0.999,"box":[1101.0,738.0,1234.0,774.0]},{"text":"1=A","confidence":0.9973,"box":[171.0,763.0,257.0,790.0]},{"text":"全按2正宫调","confidence":0.9945,"box":[243.0,763.0,402.0,790.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9747,"box":[257.0,810.0,272.0,824.0]},{"text":"A","confidence":0.3764,"box":[247.0,827.0,274.0,847.0]},{"text":"4","confidence":0.9728,"box":[190.0,839.0,212.0,861.0]},{"text":"53","confidence":0.9996,"box":[594.0,844.0,645.0,874.0]},{"text":"4","confidence":0.9885,"box":[191.0,856.0,212.0,878.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9999,"box":[250.0,849.0,272.0,873.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9952,"box":[724.0,852.0,740.0,870.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9992,"box":[996.0,849.0,1013.0,869.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9395,"box":[1158.0,849.0,1174.0,872.0]},{"text":"du","confidence":0.9456,"box":[231.0,874.0,288.0,895.0]},{"text":"mf","confidence":0.9993,"box":[455.0,886.0,493.0,914.0]},{"text":"(5","confidence":0.9713,"box":[227.0,981.0,271.0,1019.0]},{"text":"2.","confidence":0.9975,"box":[310.0,986.0,335.0,1014.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9884,"box":[369.0,987.0,389.0,1015.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9993,"box":[453.0,988.0,472.0,1014.0]},{"text":"25612356123","confidence":0.999,"box":[638.0,985.0,774.0,1015.0]},{"text":"驾","confidence":0.5412,"box":[167.0,1010.0,188.0,1034.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9994,"box":[184.0,1025.0,200.0,1046.0]},{"text":"0","confidence":0.8747,"box":[308.0,1024.0,327.0,1050.0]},{"text":"0","confidence":0.8441,"box":[365.0,1024.0,385.0,1050.0]},{"text":"0","confidence":0.7214,"box":[455.0,1024.0,474.0,1049.0]},{"text":"0","confidence":0.8433,"box":[545.0,1025.0,561.0,1047.0]},{"text":"0","confidence":0.8592,"box":[636.0,1024.0,657.0,1048.0]},{"text":"0","confidence":0.6197,"box":[739.0,1024.0,759.0,1048.0]},{"text":"53","confidence":0.9991,"box":[850.0,1021.0,910.0,1050.0]},{"text":"2.1","confidence":0.8448,"box":[937.0,1021.0,996.0,1050.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9992,"box":[1035.0,1024.0,1056.0,1049.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9786,"box":[1046.0,1021.0,1092.0,1051.0]},{"text":"21","confidence":0.9968,"box":[1120.0,1020.0,1176.0,1050.0]},{"text":"(i","confidence":0.9886,"box":[984.0,1144.0,1019.0,1180.0]},{"text":"5.","confidence":0.9855,"box":[1056.0,1150.0,1082.0,1178.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9787,"box":[1142.0,1150.0,1166.0,1181.0]},{"text":"2l","confidence":0.6939,"box":[808.0,1187.0,824.0,1211.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9991,"box":[913.0,1188.0,926.0,1205.0]},{"text":"0","confidence":0.7539,"box":[1053.0,1184.0,1073.0,1209.0]},{"text":"0","confidence":0.7652,"box":[1142.0,1184.0,1162.0,1210.0]},{"text":"渐弱","confidence":0.997,"box":[420.0,1284.0,473.0,1314.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9997,"box":[188.0,1323.0,205.0,1345.0]},{"text":"小快板","confidence":0.9974,"box":[550.0,1325.0,627.0,1357.0]},{"text":"2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/ 图文原片"}],"text":"人台”山西榔子和民歌小调，重要的代表作有《喜相逢》《放风筝》《农民翻身》《黄莺亮翅》《五郴\n子》《挂红灯》《万年红》等。演奏技巧，多以滑音、垛音、单吐、三吐、花舌、颤音为主。冯老演奏的\n滑音速度不快，过程稍长，用得很多，如《黄莺亮翅》，几乎通篇都是滑音。\n刘森是50年代较年轻的著名演奏家，他独创的演奏风格极富歌唱性，抒情而优美，特别受青年人的\n喜爱，体现了一种青春的活力。代表作有《牧笛》《山村小景》《小放牛》《裁秧忙》\n《山歌》等。刘森\n的滑音运用得很自如，速度比冯老的稍快些。整个滑音很圆滑，似乎是划了一个圈，如\n可以说，冯老、刘森两种风格的特色与滑音有很大的关系。\n另外，刘管乐老师的滑音速度就比较快，富有创新精神。\n让我们来练习他们的几首乐曲：\n刘炽曲\n刘森改编\n全按2正宫调\n渐弱\n小快板","kind":"图文"},{"page":63,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/063.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/063.webp","lines":[{"text":"16535","confidence":0.8949,"box":[331.0,260.0,505.0,303.0]},{"text":"66","confidence":0.9991,"box":[574.0,270.0,630.0,296.0]},{"text":"5.5i","confidence":0.812,"box":[757.0,264.0,829.0,299.0]},{"text":"6165","confidence":0.9387,"box":[836.0,261.0,924.0,301.0]},{"text":"6.56","confidence":0.9321,"box":[150.0,274.0,202.0,300.0]},{"text":"i","confidence":0.974,"box":[232.0,271.0,253.0,294.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9937,"box":[652.0,273.0,673.0,294.0]},{"text":"3.35","confidence":0.9991,"box":[992.0,266.0,1062.0,298.0]},{"text":"2532","confidence":0.9965,"box":[1087.0,263.0,1162.0,298.0]},{"text":"3.35","confidence":0.9724,"box":[673.0,416.0,740.0,445.0]},{"text":"56","confidence":0.9976,"box":[794.0,413.0,855.0,445.0]},{"text":"1","confidence":0.9205,"box":[888.0,414.0,900.0,434.0]},{"text":"165","confidence":0.907,"box":[1005.0,408.0,1066.0,442.0]},{"text":"1653","confidence":0.9971,"box":[150.0,420.0,214.0,448.0]},{"text":"2535","confidence":0.9987,"box":[240.0,419.0,311.0,447.0]},{"text":"65","confidence":0.9994,"box":[620.0,419.0,656.0,442.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9843,"box":[784.0,418.0,806.0,441.0]},{"text":"35","confidence":0.9972,"box":[1127.0,412.0,1168.0,440.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.998,"box":[591.0,422.0,604.0,439.0]},{"text":"5.5i","confidence":0.9111,"box":[334.0,556.0,397.0,597.0]},{"text":"6165","confidence":0.8902,"box":[438.0,558.0,513.0,594.0]},{"text":"352532","confidence":0.9989,"box":[588.0,560.0,732.0,590.0]},{"text":"3-4","confidence":0.7789,"box":[794.0,552.0,821.0,595.0]},{"text":"66","confidence":0.9903,"box":[150.0,567.0,196.0,594.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9993,"box":[224.0,568.0,244.0,593.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9943,"box":[577.0,568.0,593.0,587.0]},{"text":"1653","confidence":0.9989,"box":[867.0,561.0,938.0,589.0]},{"text":"2535","confidence":0.9989,"box":[980.0,560.0,1051.0,588.0]},{"text":"1","confidence":0.9765,"box":[1091.0,559.0,1148.0,588.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9891,"box":[156.0,733.0,172.0,751.0]},{"text":"-","confidence":0.3672,"box":[868.0,727.0,876.0,735.0]},{"text":"5.5","confidence":0.8423,"box":[1002.0,731.0,1056.0,761.0]},{"text":"3i","confidence":0.9932,"box":[1094.0,726.0,1158.0,758.0]},{"text":"4","confidence":0.999,"box":[157.0,752.0,170.0,767.0]},{"text":"mp","confidence":0.9998,"box":[186.0,782.0,223.0,806.0]},{"text":"165","confidence":0.994,"box":[152.0,941.0,216.0,969.0]},{"text":"235","confidence":0.9973,"box":[347.0,941.0,412.0,970.0]},{"text":"161","confidence":0.9988,"box":[458.0,941.0,521.0,970.0]},{"text":"2.3","confidence":0.9876,"box":[589.0,940.0,651.0,969.0]},{"text":"2.5","confidence":0.8101,"box":[671.0,940.0,736.0,968.0]},{"text":"55","confidence":0.9996,"box":[781.0,937.0,836.0,966.0]},{"text":"3i","confidence":0.9866,"box":[879.0,930.0,935.0,965.0]},{"text":"165","confidence":0.9869,"box":[1010.0,933.0,1073.0,965.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9963,"box":[255.0,945.0,275.0,969.0]},{"text":"31","confidence":0.8677,"box":[1146.0,938.0,1162.0,962.0]},{"text":"5656","confidence":0.9989,"box":[574.0,1086.0,648.0,1116.0]},{"text":"3216","confidence":0.9995,"box":[771.0,1084.0,845.0,1116.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9995,"box":[881.0,1088.0,898.0,1110.0]},{"text":"2323","confidence":0.9985,"box":[997.0,1082.0,1070.0,1114.0]},{"text":"5i","confidence":0.9723,"box":[1109.0,1075.0,1167.0,1114.0]},{"text":"235","confidence":0.998,"box":[147.0,1090.0,202.0,1119.0]},{"text":"1261","confidence":0.9994,"box":[232.0,1089.0,301.0,1118.0]},{"text":"1","confidence":0.9991,"box":[670.0,1090.0,688.0,1110.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9996,"box":[704.0,1089.0,719.0,1111.0]},{"text":"3532","confidence":0.9982,"box":[341.0,1249.0,412.0,1286.0]},{"text":"132i","confidence":0.7595,"box":[455.0,1247.0,525.0,1287.0]},{"text":"6216","confidence":0.9016,"box":[577.0,1248.0,652.0,1284.0]},{"text":"5165","confidence":0.9465,"box":[654.0,1246.0,730.0,1285.0]},{"text":"6523","confidence":0.999,"box":[148.0,1258.0,213.0,1286.0]},{"text":"3653","confidence":0.998,"box":[772.0,1252.0,839.0,1281.0]},{"text":"2532","confidence":0.9985,"box":[872.0,1251.0,941.0,1283.0]},{"text":"1321","confidence":0.9986,"box":[997.0,1251.0,1062.0,1280.0]},{"text":"6216","confidence":0.993,"box":[1104.0,1249.0,1172.0,1278.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9993,"box":[236.0,1261.0,253.0,1283.0]},{"text":"5656","confidence":0.9993,"box":[1004.0,1401.0,1071.0,1431.0]},{"text":"1.","confidence":0.6899,"box":[1104.0,1403.0,1132.0,1429.0]},{"text":"。","confidence"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  垛   音\n“垛音”是强烈的气冲音（），和手指的急速拍打结合在一起而产生的特殊的、近似打板的音响。\n性质上为气冲音和强叠音相结合，因此以“文”来表示。也有用“”表示的。它是一种特殊的竹笛\n传统演奏技术，能使笛子的演奏具有强烈的民间色彩。但由于它在一定程度上有离开音律的倾向(因为它\n是似乎噪音），所以只能在特殊情况下使用。一般地说，大都用在模拟性的或该谐风趣的乐曲之中。它产\n生的效果是特殊的，如模拟鸟叫、机器声、马蹄声、强烈的劳动节奏、跑跳等。\n垛音的训练先从气冲音开始，丹田鼓气，急速有力地向外冲气，加上风门或舌头的阻拦，使冲气分外\n有力，于是产生了强烈而短促的音响。这时，如果手指不配合动作就成了气冲音，在情绪激动时（包括悲\n伤或欢乐的）可偶尔使用。\n气冲音和急速有力的手指动作结合在一起，就产生拍打音，从顶孔以下参加拍打的手指越多，效果就\n越强烈。下面是一段模拟火车的乐段：\n全按5小工调\n渐快\n椰笛\n5\nx<5\n又45\nX√5\n<5\n又△\n△3\n△\n<\n>\n△\n△3\n△\n<\n>\n△\n5\nt3\n1\n3\n1\n3\n1\n3\n1.3\nxV\n又△5\nX√\n又<6\n<5l\n又<\n又\n又\n<\n>\n△\n△\n△\n<\n又\n<\n△\n△\n△\n<\n△\n△\n△\n<\n5\n5\n2\n1\n2\n6\n4\n1\n4\n6\n1\n4\n2\n5\n1\n2\n5\n5\n2\n2\n1\n又\n又\n又\n又\n又\n又\n又\n又\n又\n<△\n<\n△\n<\n△\n<\n△\n>\n△\n<\n△\n>\n△\n<\n△\n4\n14\n5\n5.\n4.\n7\n4\n544744\n6\n4\n6\n1\n6\n4\n7.\n4\n又\n又\n又\n又\n又\n又\n又\n又\n又\n又\nAA\n<△△△<△△△\n△\n<\n△△\n544\n7.44\n5674\n5674\n56745674\n5613\n5613\n56135613\ntr\n又\n又\n文\n又\n又\n<△△△<△△△\n△A\n6712\n3\n3\n56125612\n56125612\n56712345\n62","refined":true,"refinedLines":8,"printedPage":62,"chapter":6,"title":"垛音","segments":[{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/068-00.webp","width":693,"height":246,"box":[550,65,1243,311],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["“垛音”是强烈的气冲音（），和手指的急速拍打结合在一起而产生的特殊的、近似打板的音响。性质上为气冲音和强叠音相结合，因此以“文”来表示。也有用“”表示的。它是一种特殊的竹笛传统演奏技术，能使笛子的演奏具有强烈的民间色彩。但由于它在一定程度上有离开音律的倾向(因为它是似乎噪音），所以只能在特殊情况下使用。一般地说，大都用在模拟性的或该谐风趣的乐曲之中。它产生的效果是特殊的，如模拟鸟叫、机器声、马蹄声、强烈的劳动节奏、跑跳等。","垛音的训练先从气冲音开始，丹田鼓气，急速有力地向外冲气，加上风门或舌头的阻拦，使冲气分外有力，于是产生了强烈而短促的音响。这时，如果手指不配合动作就成了气冲音，在情绪激动时（包括悲伤或欢乐的）可偶尔使用。","气冲音和急速有力的手指动作结合在一起，就产生拍打音，从顶孔以下参加拍打的手指越多，效果就越强烈。下面是一段模拟火车的乐段："],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/068-01-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":461,"box":[163.0,360,1234.0,821],"confidence":0.991},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/068-02.webp","width":1085,"height":922,"box":[158,833,1243,1755],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"}],"text":"第六讲   垛   音\n“垛音”是强烈的气冲音（），和手指的急速拍打结合在一起而产生的特殊的、近似打板的音响。\n性质上为气冲音和强叠音相结合，因此以“文”来表示。也有用“”表示的。它是一种特殊的竹笛\n传统演奏技术，能使笛子的演奏具有强烈的民间色彩。但由于它在一定程度上有离开音律的倾向(因为它\n是似乎噪音），所以只能在特殊情况下使用。一般地说，大都用在模拟性的或该谐风趣的乐曲之中。它产\n生的效果是特殊的，如模拟鸟叫、机器声、马蹄声、强烈的劳动节奏、跑跳等。\n垛音的训练先从气冲音开始，丹田鼓气，急速有力地向外冲气，加上风门或舌头的阻拦，使冲气分外\n有力，于是产生了强烈而短促的音响。这时，如果手指不配合动作就成了气冲音，在情绪激动时（包括悲\n伤或欢乐的）可偶尔使用。\n气冲音和急速有力的手指动作结合在一起，就产生拍打音，从顶孔以下参加拍打的手指越多，效果就\n越强烈。下面是一段模拟火车的乐段：\n全按5小工调\n渐快\n椰笛","kind":"图文"},{"page":69,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/069.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/069.webp","lines":[{"text":"V","confidence":0.5616,"box":[743.0,267.0,761.0,286.0]},{"text":"又","confidence":0.9739,"box":[786.0,262.0,808.0,285.0]},{"text":"又","confidence":0.9607,"box":[885.0,261.0,906.0,285.0]},{"text":"又","confidence":0.9891,"box":[1037.0,260.0,1058.0,286.0]},{"text":"又","confidence":0.9896,"box":[1127.0,259.0,1149.0,282.0]},{"text":"<△△△","confidence":0.7023,"box":[784.0,279.0,859.0,307.0]},{"text":"△△","confidence":0.4558,"box":[886.0,278.0,963.0,306.0]},{"text":">","confidence":0.9112,"box":[1040.0,282.0,1065.0,302.0]},{"text":"<△△△","confidence":0.6168,"box":[1132.0,280.0,1210.0,301.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9384,"box":[190.0,295.0,209.0,329.0]},{"text":"·3","confidence":0.7275,"box":[385.0,295.0,403.0,330.0]},{"text":"-3","confidence":0.6644,"box":[597.0,296.0,616.0,328.0]},{"text":"6313","confidence":0.9986,"box":[786.0,301.0,857.0,329.0]},{"text":"6313","confidence":0.9989,"box":[887.0,300.0,961.0,328.0]},{"text":"6313","confidence":0.9991,"box":[1040.0,299.0,1112.0,327.0]},{"text":"6313","confidence":0.9988,"box":[1130.0,299.0,1206.0,324.0]},{"text":"又","confidence":0.5521,"box":[170.0,392.0,198.0,445.0]},{"text":"X","confidence":0.3838,"box":[289.0,393.0,318.0,442.0]},{"text":"又<5","confidence":0.766,"box":[435.0,391.0,465.0,467.0]},{"text":"XV","confidence":0.6344,"box":[969.0,389.0,1000.0,446.0]},{"text":"又","confidence":0.9858,"box":[1115.0,390.0,1139.0,419.0]},{"text":"△△△","confidence":0.7507,"box":[188.0,416.0,255.0,441.0]},{"text":"△△△","confidence":0.7336,"box":[313.0,415.0,384.0,440.0]},{"text":"△△","confidence":0.7256,"box":[462.0,413.0,533.0,441.0]},{"text":"△","confidence":0.8267,"box":[592.0,416.0,614.0,439.0]},{"text":"△","confidence":0.875,"box":[617.0,417.0,646.0,437.0]},{"text":"△","confidence":0.6901,"box":[641.0,417.0,661.0,439.0]},{"text":"△△","confidence":0.7338,"box":[725.0,412.0,779.0,441.0]},{"text":"△","confidence":0.9229,"box":[773.0,416.0,792.0,435.0]},{"text":"△△","confidence":0.8269,"box":[855.0,413.0,901.0,438.0]},{"text":"△","confidence":0.884,"box":[904.0,417.0,924.0,435.0]},{"text":"△△△","confidence":0.7535,"box":[995.0,412.0,1068.0,437.0]},{"text":"<△△△","confidence":0.7759,"box":[1115.0,409.0,1203.0,437.0]},{"text":"5212","confidence":0.9935,"box":[169.0,435.0,245.0,469.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9906,"box":[232.0,441.0,252.0,464.0]},{"text":"5212","confidence":0.9988,"box":[291.0,436.0,387.0,467.0]},{"text":"6212","confidence":0.8629,"box":[452.0,434.0,531.0,469.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9991,"box":[571.0,435.0,590.0,463.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9976,"box":[590.0,439.0,615.0,461.0]},{"text":"1.","confidence":0.88,"box":[613.0,438.0,640.0,463.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9959,"box":[639.0,439.0,658.0,465.0]},{"text":"4","confidence":0.9952,"box":[726.0,436.0,751.0,463.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9978,"box":[749.0,437.0,782.0,462.0]},{"text":"4","confidence":0.9989,"box":[773.0,437.0,793.0,462.0]},{"text":"74.2","confidence":0.911,"box":[834.0,433.0,902.0,465.0]},{"text":"4","confidence":0.9982,"box":[902.0,437.0,923.0,461.0]},{"text":"7","confidence":0.9861,"box":[975.0,435.0,997.0,461.0]},{"text":"424","confidence":0.9981,"box":[992.0,432.0,1069.0,464.0]},{"text":"742 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图版"},{"page":72,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/072.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/072.webp","lines":[{"text":"竹笛是一种音色亮的乐器。因而在我国历史上，从汉朝到唐朝，竹笛都是主要的军乐器。唐诗“上","confidence":0.9986,"box":[220.0,240.0,1238.0,269.0]},{"text":"将拥西出征，平明吹笛大军行”，艮是很好的证明。历代文献中，有很多如“笛声嗦亮穿云裂石”之类","confidence":0.9807,"box":[173.0,287.0,1240.0,314.0]},{"text":"的描写，甚至夸张地说，有人能将笛子吹破。著名笛子演奏家冯子存老先生，要求初学吹笛的人能够将笛","confidence":0.9985,"box":[173.0,333.0,1239.0,361.0]},{"text":"膜吹破，这就是从本质上来要求的。初学的人一定要先将笛子吹得结实响亮，找到最好的位置，按声学的","confidence":0.9974,"box":[173.0,379.0,1239.0,408.0]},{"text":"术语找到激发频率最强的中心。这是竹笛的本色，是锻炼肺量、训练力度、掌握正确的呼吸方法所首先需","confidence":0.999,"box":[172.0,426.0,1238.0,453.0]},{"text":"要解决的。在这个基础上再去训练音量变化的控制技巧，这才是正确的程序。但要注意，响亮并不等于拼","confidence":0.9995,"box":[172.0,472.0,1240.0,501.0]},{"text":"命直吹，直吹最伤肺，且发音噪杂，是吹笛的大忌；另一-方面，说柔和、细腻不等于虚浮。虚浮谓之“猫","confidence":0.9914,"box":[173.0,519.0,1239.0,547.0]},{"text":"儿叫”，也是吹笛大忌。强而不噪、弱而不虚，先求本色、后求变化，这才是比较科学和正确的训练方","confidence":0.9897,"box":[173.0,565.0,1238.0,593.0]},{"text":"法。","confidence":0.9999,"box":[171.0,613.0,212.0,641.0]},{"text":"北方风格的演奏强调力度，在技巧上以“吐”、“滑”、“垛”、“花”等为常用，情绪往往越来越","confidence":0.9982,"box":[218.0,658.0,1240.0,685.0]},{"text":"热烈、欢快、明朗、粗犷，对比明显，易为劳动群众所理解，因此在独奏曲中占有很大的比例。每个笛子","confidence":0.9974,"box":[172.0,704.0,1239.0,732.0]},{"text":"演奏者都必须下一番功夫对它进行钻研。特别是南方风格的演奏者，学习--下北方风格的演奏，就会增长","confidence":0.9928,"box":[173.0,752.0,1239.0,777.0]},{"text":"许多新的知识和技术，从而提高演奏的水平。","confidence":0.9994,"box":[172.0,797.0,628.0,825.0]},{"text":"要求：","confidence":0.9998,"box":[219.0,843.0,281.0,871.0]},{"text":"1.熟练地演奏几首具有北方风格的作品。","confidence":0.9944,"box":[219.0,891.0,633.0,917.0]},{"text":"2.分析、理解乐曲的演奏风格及技巧。","confidence":0.9992,"box":[219.0,937.0,608.0,963.0]},{"text":"3.大量地视奏，并从中挑选自己喜爱的作品，作为精练的曲目。","confidence":0.9832,"box":[219.0,983.0,863.0,1009.0]},{"text":"五郴子","confidence":0.8257,"box":[629.0,1073.0,783.0,1110.0]},{"text":"C调","confidence":0.9974,"box":[172.0,1116.0,226.0,1146.0]},{"text":"冯子存曲","confidence":0.9993,"box":[1137.0,1112.0,1237.0,1143.0]},{"text":"慢板","confidence":0.9745,"box":[178.0,1166.0,267.0,1198.0]},{"text":"国","confidence":0.5787,"box":[1202.0,1174.0,1237.0,1209.0]},{"text":"*","confidence":0.7637,"box":[181.0,1205.0,194.0,1221.0]},{"text":"M","confidence":0.5641,"box":[931.0,1225.0,950.0,1241.0]},{"text":"6.","confidence":0.9974,"box":[194.0,1238.0,214.0,1262.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9955,"box":[402.0,1240.0,417.0,1262.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9609,"box":[499.0,1240.0,511.0,1261.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9849,"box":[928.0,1241.0,948.0,1266.0]},{"text":"5.","confidence":0.901,"box":[1028.0,1240.0,1053.0,1261.0]},{"text":"55","confidence":0.9994,"box":[1068.0,1239.0,1103.0,1262.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9978,"box":[1158.0,1243.0,1174.0,1261.0]},{"text":"10","confidence":0.9196,"box":[1198.0,1336.0,1235.0,1365.0]},{"text":"26.i","confidence":0.7708,"box":[1015.0,1366.0,1080.0,1413.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9993,"box":[406.0,1392.0,417.0,1407.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.7214,"box":[731.0,1391.0,743.0,1411.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9952,"box":[1150.0,1390.0,1166.0,1410.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9994,"box":[1185.0,1388.0,1205.0,1412.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.6214,"box":[1196.0,1448.0,1238.0,1480.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9988,"box":[636.0,1515.0,648.0,1530.0]},{"text":"72","confidence":0.9977,"box":[934.0,1510.0,983.0,1536.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9783,"box":[1062.0,1512.0,1077.0,1534.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9904,"box":[299.0,1636.0,318.0,1663.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9724,"box":[405.0,1633.0,427.0,1655.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9956,"box":[758.0,1634.0,775.0,1655.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.8693,"box":[847.0,1638.0,859.0,1656.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9753,"box":[944.0,1634.0,959.0,1658.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9957,"box":[970.0,1633.0,990.0,1659.0]},{"text":"66","confidence":0.9999,"box":[688.0,1722.0,716.0,1748.0]}],"rawText":"竹笛是一种音色亮的乐器。因而在我国历史上，从汉朝到唐朝，竹笛都是主要的军乐器。唐诗“上\n将拥西出征，平明吹笛大军行”，艮是很好的证明。历代文献中，有很多如“笛声嗦亮穿云裂石”之类\n的描写，甚至夸张地说，有人能将笛子吹破。著名笛子演奏家冯子存老先生，要求初学吹笛的人能够将笛\n膜吹破，这就是从本质上来要求的。初学的人一定要先将笛子吹得结实响亮，找到最好的位置，按声学的\n术语找到激发频率最强的中心。这是竹笛的本色，是锻炼肺量、训练力度、掌握正确的呼吸方法所首先需\n要解决的。在这个基础上再去训练音量变化的控制技巧，这才是正确的程序。但要注意，响亮并不等于拼\n命直吹，直吹最伤肺，且发音噪杂，是吹笛的大忌；另一-方面，说柔和、细腻不等于虚浮。虚浮谓之“猫\n儿叫”，也是吹笛大忌。强而不噪、弱而不虚，先求本色、后求变化，这才是比较科学和正确的训练方\n法。\n北方风格的演奏强调力度，在技巧上以“吐”、“滑”、“垛”、“花”等为常用，情绪往往越来越\n热烈、欢快、明朗、粗犷，对比明显，易为劳动群众所理解，因此在独奏曲中占有很大的比例。每个笛子\n演奏者都必须下一番功夫对它进行钻研。特别是南方风格的演奏者，学习--下北方风格的演奏，就会增长\n许多新的知识和技术，从而提高演奏的水平。\n要求：\n1.熟练地演奏几首具有北方风格的作品。\n2.分析、理解乐曲的演奏风格及技巧。\n3.大量地视奏，并从中挑选自己喜爱的作品，作为精练的曲目。\n五郴子\nC调\n冯子存曲\n慢板\n国\n*\nM\n6.\n6\n5\n2\n5.\n55\n5\n10\n26.i\n2\n6\n6\n5\n5\n2\n72\n6\n2\n6\n6\n5\n5\n6\n66","refined":true,"refinedLines":12,"printedPage":66,"chapter":6,"title":"垛音","segments":[{"type":"text","paragraphs":["竹笛是一种音色亮的乐器。因而在我国历史上，从汉朝到唐朝，竹笛都是主要的军乐器。唐诗“上将拥西出征，平明吹笛大军行”，艮是很好的证明。历代文献中，有很多如“笛声嗦亮穿云裂石”之类的描写，甚至夸张地说，有人能将笛子吹破。著名笛子演奏家冯子存老先生，要求初学吹笛的人能够将笛膜吹破，这就是从本质上来要求的。初学的人一定要先将笛子吹得结实响亮，找到最好的位置，按声学的术语找到激发频率最强的中心。这是竹笛的本色，是锻炼肺量、训练力度、掌握正确的呼吸方法所首先需要解决的。在这个基础上再去训练音量变化的控制技巧，这才是正确的程序。但要注意，响亮并不等于拼命直吹，直吹最伤肺，且发音噪杂，是吹笛的大忌；另一-方面，说柔和、细腻不等于虚浮。虚浮谓之“猫儿叫”，也是吹笛大忌。强而不噪、弱而不虚，先求本色、后求变化，这才是比较科学和正确的训练方"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/072-00-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":363,"box":[172.0,235,1240.0,598],"confidence":0.994},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/072-01.webp","width":56,"height":44,"box":[162,604,218,648],"label":"谱例 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图文原片"}],"text":"竹笛是一种音色亮的乐器。因而在我国历史上，从汉朝到唐朝，竹笛都是主要的军乐器。唐诗“上\n将拥西出征，平明吹笛大军行”，艮是很好的证明。历代文献中，有很多如“笛声嗦亮穿云裂石”之类\n的描写，甚至夸张地说，有人能将笛子吹破。著名笛子演奏家冯子存老先生，要求初学吹笛的人能够将笛\n膜吹破，这就是从本质上来要求的。初学的人一定要先将笛子吹得结实响亮，找到最好的位置，按声学的\n术语找到激发频率最强的中心。这是竹笛的本色，是锻炼肺量、训练力度、掌握正确的呼吸方法所首先需\n要解决的。在这个基础上再去训练音量变化的控制技巧，这才是正确的程序。但要注意，响亮并不等于拼\n命直吹，直吹最伤肺，且发音噪杂，是吹笛的大忌；另一-方面，说柔和、细腻不等于虚浮。虚浮谓之“猫\n儿叫”，也是吹笛大忌。强而不噪、弱而不虚，先求本色、后求变化，这才是比较科学和正确的训练方\n北方风格的演奏强调力度，在技巧上以“吐”、“滑”、“垛”、“花”等为常用，情绪往往越来越\n热烈、欢快、明朗、粗犷，对比明显，易为劳动群众所理解，因此在独奏曲中占有很大的比例。每个笛子\n演奏者都必须下一番功夫对它进行钻研。特别是南方风格的演奏者，学习--下北方风格的演奏，就会增长\n许多新的知识和技术，从而提高演奏的水平。\n要求：\n1.熟练地演奏几首具有北方风格的作品。\n2.分析、理解乐曲的演奏风格及技巧。\n3.大量地视奏，并从中挑选自己喜爱的作品，作为精练的曲目。\n五郴子\n冯子存曲\n慢板","kind":"图文"},{"page":73,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/073.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/073.webp","lines":[{"text":"25","confidence":0.7751,"box":[1165.0,264.0,1207.0,297.0]},{"text":"5.6","confidence":0.855,"box":[240.0,333.0,291.0,359.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9996,"box":[1122.0,327.0,1145.0,350.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.53,"box":[1147.0,326.0,1174.0,351.0]},{"text":"30]","confidence":0.7754,"box":[1164.0,432.0,1207.0,468.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.6537,"box":[809.0,484.0,844.0,529.0]},{"text":"—>6-i","confidence":0.6055,"box":[500.0,492.0,656.0,537.0]},{"text":"6.5 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/ 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["中国古代很早就有了完整的乐律理论，“五音十二律旋相为宫”就是其中之一。所谓“旋相为宫”，就是十二律的每一个音都可作为主音。比如说：黄钟宫就是以“黄钟”的高度作为宫音，宫、商、角、徽、羽组成一-组音阶。太簇宫就是以“太簇”的高度作为宫音，然后产生商、角、微、羽等音.·假如黄钟的高度等于今天的C，那么黄钟官就等于C调(黄钟的高度问题还没有结论)，太簇宫等于D调..··","一根笛子只有六个孔、七个音，怎么能做到“十二律旋相为官”呢？据宋朝陈肠《乐书》记载：“…今太常笛，从下而上，一穴为太簇，半窍为大吕，次上一穴为姑洗(读“如铣”），半窍为夹钟.”可见，按半孔产生半音的技巧自古已有。这种技巧的术语应该称之为“叉”。","目前很多同行都把叉的含义解释为指法的变化。如：按住第四、五两孔吹4，称为“叉口”，而按住半孔的技巧，却没有妥当的术语。","按半孔的训练，要从第二孔开始，接着练第五孔，学会了这两个孔的叉口技巧，就能演奏全按作6的"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/087-01-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":481,"box":[150.0,325,1224.0,806],"confidence":0.977},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/087-02.webp","width":303,"height":28,"box":[153,806,456,834],"label":"谱例 / 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图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["1．从实际出发，六孔竹笛以首调唱名和简谱记谱比较合理。因为固定唱名不适合民间的传统，而竹笛恰是民间乐器。如果用五线谱又唱首调，那么反而更不科学了。因为第二信号系统丧失了。","2.工尺谱也要懂，至少要能翻译成简谱。","3.固定唱名和五线谱也要懂。假如能够灵活地演奏全部半音阶，那么就可以一开始就训练用线谱，固定唱名。同时，也要懂得首调和简谱。","现在，我们就用首调和固定调相结合的方法来训练第二孔、第五孔及第六孔的变化音。","1、第二孔的半音按住里半孔（○），曲笛按在中指第二节上，榔笛按在指尖上（有的人单开第二孔吹"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/087-05-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":388,"box":[173.0,1294,1247.0,1682],"confidence":0.991},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/087-06.webp","width":609,"height":113,"box":[130,1682,739,1795],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"}],"text":"第七讲转调、变化音阶\n中国古代很早就有了完整的乐律理论，“五音十二律旋相为宫”就是其中之一。所谓“旋相为宫”，\n就是十二律的每一个音都可作为主音。比如说：黄钟宫就是以“黄钟”的高度作为宫音，宫、商、角、\n徽、羽组成一-组音阶。太簇宫就是以“太簇”的高度作为宫音，然后产生商、角、微、羽等音.·假如黄\n钟的高度等于今天的C，那么黄钟官就等于C调(黄钟的高度问题还没有结论)，太簇宫等于D调..··\n一根笛子只有六个孔、七个音，怎么能做到“十二律旋相为官”呢？据宋朝陈肠《乐书》记载：\n“…今太常笛，从下而上，一穴为太簇，半窍为大吕，次上一穴为姑洗(读“如铣”），半窍为夹钟\n.”可见，按半孔产生半音的技巧自古已有。这种技巧的术语应该称之为“叉”。\n目前很多同行都把叉的含义解释为指法的变化。如：按住第四、五两孔吹4，称为“叉口”，而按住\n半孔的技巧，却没有妥当的术语。\n按半孔的训练，要从第二孔开始，接着练第五孔，学会了这两个孔的叉口技巧，就能演奏全按作6的\n全按作1的乙字调，不需要用叉口。全按作4的凡字调，在演奏五声音阶时也不要叉口，这两个调只\n需将第六孔全部开放就能演奏乙字调的7和凡字调的3。\n这样算起来，一根六孔竹笛，能够比较灵活地演奏；1、全按作5的小工调；2、全按作6的尺字调；\n3、全按作1的乙字调；4、全按作2的正宫调；5、全按作3的六字调。所谓比较灵活是指它能在准确地\n演奏五声音阶的基础上，充分地发挥中国竹笛的性能。从理论上来说，一组自然音阶中，只有五个半音，\n现在已解决了三个，只要再解决两手无名指的半音，就十二音齐备了。正因为在理论上说是可能的，因此\n有些同行进行了艰巨的艺术劳动，克服了两手无名指弹性差的障碍，取得了令人惊叹的成就。\n按半孔后进行转调产生了升降记号，于是发生了．·个问题：是用固定的唱名来进行训练呢，还是用首\n调的唱名来进行训练？是用比较先进的五线谱来记谱呢，还是用简谱甚至用工尺谱？关于这个问题，很多人\n1．从实际出发，六孔竹笛以首调唱名和简谱记谱比较合理。因为固定唱名不适合民间的传统，而竹\n笛恰是民间乐器。如果用五线谱又唱首调，那么反而更不科学了。因为第二信号系统丧失了。\n2.工尺谱也要懂，至少要能翻译成简谱。\n3.固定唱名和五线谱也要懂。假如能够灵活地演奏全部半音阶，那么就可以一开始就训练用线谱，\n固定唱名。同时，也要懂得首调和简谱。\n现在，我们就用首调和固定调相结合的方法来训练第二孔、第五孔及第六孔的变化音。\n1、第二孔的半音按住里半孔（○），曲笛按在中指第二节上，榔笛按在指尖上（有的人单开第二孔吹","kind":"图文"},{"page":88,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/088.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/088.webp","lines":[{"text":"半音，这种指法发音偏高，除非第二孔的发音本来就偏低；还有的人按住第二子L的上半孔（〇），这种按","confidence":0.972,"box":[183.0,216.0,1247.0,255.0]},{"text":"法灵活性差一些）。","confidence":0.9528,"box":[182.0,263.0,373.0,293.0]},{"text":"2.第五孔的半音有两种指法：","confidence":0.999,"box":[226.0,309.0,526.0,340.0]},{"text":"(1)按住上半孔（O）。","confidence":0.8849,"box":[228.0,357.0,438.0,386.0]},{"text":"(2)低八度音按住第二、三、四及第六孔；高八度音按住第四孔及第六孔。","confidence":0.9984,"box":[226.0,402.0,973.0,439.0]},{"text":"3.第六孔的半音，也有两种指法：","confidence":0.9994,"box":[224.0,448.0,571.0,481.0]},{"text":"(1)按住上半孔(O)。","confidence":0.9116,"box":[224.0,493.0,438.0,527.0]},{"text":"(2)低八度音按住第四、五两孔；高八度音按住第二、三、四、五等孔。","confidence":0.9946,"box":[224.0,540.0,948.0,578.0]},{"text":"吹变化音要达到五个要求：","confidence":0.9983,"box":[224.0,588.0,495.0,620.0]},{"text":"1.发音准确。2.音色纯净。3.尽可能地响亮。4.不产生圆滑音。5.灵活而有把握。","confidence":0.9837,"box":[223.0,636.0,1077.0,671.0]},{"text":"先用首调的唱名（即我们习惯和熟悉的昌法)把下面这首曲子唱出来并准确地演奏。","confidence":0.9904,"box":[223.0,681.0,1050.0,716.0]},{"text":"全按6尺字调","confidence":0.9975,"box":[175.0,754.0,324.0,787.0]},{"text":"福建民间舞曲《采茶扑蝶》","confidence":0.9986,"box":[935.0,798.0,1237.0,830.0]},{"text":"bB或A","confidence":0.9756,"box":[186.0,814.0,289.0,866.0]},{"text":"V","confidence":0.4467,"box":[667.0,869.0,684.0,888.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.7,"box":[223.0,872.0,242.0,890.0]},{"text":"t","confidence":0.5603,"box":[278.0,873.0,294.0,892.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9988,"box":[707.0,875.0,731.0,898.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9336,"box":[782.0,876.0,803.0,901.0]},{"text":"△·3","confidence":0.9559,"box":[870.0,878.0,899.0,931.0]},{"text":"△","confidence":0.5442,"box":[903.0,880.0,925.0,903.0]},{"text":"9","confidence":0.9963,"box":[216.0,893.0,235.0,919.0]},{"text":"-5","confidence":0.7215,"box":[266.0,891.0,284.0,921.0]},{"text":"35","confidence":0.9878,"box":[342.0,888.0,402.0,927.0]},{"text":"6.5","confidence":0.802,"box":[420.0,892.0,490.0,924.0]},{"text":"6.65","confidence":0.9611,"box":[512.0,892.0,586.0,927.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9905,"box":[699.0,888.0,728.0,931.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9675,"box":[777.0,893.0,799.0,928.0]},{"text":"A","confidence":0.3776,"box":[958.0,882.0,980.0,904.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.8045,"box":[977.0,894.0,1008.0,931.0]},{"text":"△","confidence":0.4051,"box":[985.0,882.0,1008.0,903.0]},{"text":"△","confidence":0.3899,"box":[1054.0,884.0,1084.0,903.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9902,"box":[611.0,899.0,626.0,923.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9476,"box":[901.0,895.0,924.0,929.0]},{"text":".5","confidence":0.6402,"box":[955.0,895.0,978.0,930.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9697,"box":[1052.0,898.0,1082.0,931.0]},{"text":"32","confidence":0.9944,"box":[1070.0,904.0,1114.0,931.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9961,"box":[1144.0,898.0,1167.0,930.0]},{"text":"65","confidence":0.9989,"box":[168.0,990.0,221.0,1027.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9985,"box":[1062.0,982.0,1086.0,1004.0]},{"text":"60","confidence":0.9649,"box":[234.0,993.0,286.0,1028.0]},{"text":"32","confidence":0.9854,"box":[342.0,991.0,399.0,1030.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9544,"box":[412.0,997.0,437.0,1027.0]},{"text":"35","confidence":0.9918,"box":[512.0,997.0,572.0,1030.0]},{"text":"35","confidence":0.9977,"box":[585.0,998.0,644.0,1031.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9981,"box":[700.0,999.0,724.0,1029.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.99,"box":[751.0,1001.0,776.0,1028.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9703,"box":[803.0,1001.0,827.0,1030.0]},{"text":"。","confidence":0.5182,"box":[427.0,1002.0,466.0,1028.0]},{"text":"i6","confidence":0.9125,"box":[884.0,1002.0,936.0,1033.0]},{"text":"1","confidence":0.9203,"box":[992.0,1004.0,1008.0,1030.0]},{"text":"·2","confidence":0.8438,"box":[1060.0,1002.0,1078.0,1033.0]},{"text":"V","confidence":0.5797,"box":[1026.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14\n7\n1\nb7i57\n1.2\nb7-5\n7217\n5\n4 b754\n2421\n1!\nb7i24\ni\nb75\n7217\n5\n用固定调的唱法来演奏竹笛，目前来说真是极少数。不过，从发展的情况来看，中国竹笛将会逐渐提\n高转调的能力，需要认真进行训练。\n在目前还没有系统的训练方法之前，要求先做到能在六孔的笛子上，较熟练地演奏四个到六个不同调\n号的民间乐曲或一般乐曲。具体地说，全按作“5”的小工调，全按作“2”的正宫调，这两个调已经为大\n家所熟悉；全按作“1”的乙字调，困难也不大；全按作“6”的尺字调，要学会第二孔的叉口技巧；全按\n作“3”的六字调，要学会第五孔的叉口技巧；全按作“4”的凡字调，问题也不大。所谓问题不大，是指\n演奏-一般的五声音阶体系的较简单的乐曲。比如说《秧歌调》：\n√\nV\n5 656|161|5i65|3233653|212|25323|561]\n让我们准确地用六个不同调号来演奏。\n通过练习，就可以发现这六个调只要解决三个半音(即第二、五、六孔)，就能完美地演奏出来。\n钢琴上一组音阶中有七个白键、五个黑键，也就是说六孔竹笛只要能增加五个半音阶，就能做到十二\n律旋相为宫。现在我们学会了三个，那么只要再增加两个半音就齐了。困难的是这两个半音要用两手的无\n名指来控制，而无名指的灵活性较差，按住半孔后的正确性也较差，所以能够熟练地演奏的人还不多，而\n84","refined":true,"refinedLines":10,"printedPage":84,"chapter":7,"title":"转调、变化音阶","segments":[{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/090-00.webp","width":1093,"height":770,"box":[149,237,1242,1007],"label":"谱例 / 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图文原片"}],"text":"用固定调的唱法来演奏竹笛，目前来说真是极少数。不过，从发展的情况来看，中国竹笛将会逐渐提\n高转调的能力，需要认真进行训练。\n在目前还没有系统的训练方法之前，要求先做到能在六孔的笛子上，较熟练地演奏四个到六个不同调\n号的民间乐曲或一般乐曲。具体地说，全按作“5”的小工调，全按作“2”的正宫调，这两个调已经为大\n家所熟悉；全按作“1”的乙字调，困难也不大；全按作“6”的尺字调，要学会第二孔的叉口技巧；全按\n作“3”的六字调，要学会第五孔的叉口技巧；全按作“4”的凡字调，问题也不大。所谓问题不大，是指\n演奏-一般的五声音阶体系的较简单的乐曲。比如说《秧歌调》：\n让我们准确地用六个不同调号来演奏。\n通过练习，就可以发现这六个调只要解决三个半音(即第二、五、六孔)，就能完美地演奏出来。\n钢琴上一组音阶中有七个白键、五个黑键，也就是说六孔竹笛只要能增加五个半音阶，就能做到十二\n律旋相为宫。现在我们学会了三个，那么只要再增加两个半音就齐了。困难的是这两个半音要用两手的无\n名指来控制，而无名指的灵活性较差，按住半孔后的正确性也较差，所以能够熟练地演奏的人还不多，而","kind":"图文"},{"page":91,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/091.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/091.webp","lines":[{"text":"且意见也不太统一。解决这个问题我们要一一步一步地来。建议大家可以按以下的程序进行训练：","confidence":0.9688,"box":[154.0,249.0,1119.0,275.0]},{"text":"1.先熟练地学会全按作“6”的指法，第二孔按住里半孔降低半音。学会后就可以演奏《三五七》","confidence":0.993,"box":[197.0,292.0,1212.0,323.0]},{"text":"《二凡》这样一类的曲子。","confidence":0.9989,"box":[167.0,341.0,422.0,368.0]},{"text":"2.接着熟练地学会全部作“3”的指法。第五孔降低半音的指法有几种：第一种是按第五孔的半孔；","confidence":0.9943,"box":[196.0,388.0,1211.0,414.0]},{"text":"第二种是改变指法，开第一、五孔，演奏六字调的“1”；开第一、二、三、五孔，演奏六字调的“1”","confidence":0.9883,"box":[152.0,431.0,1198.0,462.0]},{"text":"学会后就可以演奏《幽兰逢春》《婺江风光》《江河水》等乐曲。","confidence":0.9989,"box":[154.0,480.0,818.0,509.0]},{"text":"3.对一些民间曲调或一般歌曲，用一根笛子尽可能地做各种调号的练习。","confidence":0.9985,"box":[197.0,528.0,936.0,554.0]},{"text":"4.做一些系统练习。","confidence":0.996,"box":[195.0,574.0,402.0,601.0]},{"text":"7练习（一）","confidence":0.8348,"box":[571.0,625.0,788.0,674.0]},{"text":"全按5小.工调","confidence":0.9728,"box":[154.0,689.0,292.0,719.0]},{"text":"b7424","confidence":0.9454,"box":[408.0,784.0,493.0,824.0]},{"text":"4i6i","confidence":0.9569,"box":[963.0,780.0,1036.0,820.0]},{"text":"5272","confidence":0.9988,"box":[1075.0,783.0,1146.0,820.0]},{"text":"5272","confidence":0.9987,"box":[153.0,791.0,217.0,819.0]},{"text":"6313","confidence":0.9987,"box":[260.0,791.0,328.0,819.0]},{"text":"1535","confidence":0.9994,"box":[532.0,791.0,602.0,820.0]},{"text":"2646","confidence":0.9918,"box":[694.0,789.0,764.0,820.0]},{"text":"3757","confidence":0.9993,"box":[805.0,791.0,874.0,820.0]},{"text":"5131","confidence":0.784,"box":[692.0,917.0,763.0,956.0]},{"text":"4b727","confidence":0.9657,"box":[797.0,917.0,880.0,957.0]},{"text":"36i6","confidence":0.8949,"box":[969.0,917.0,1043.0,957.0]},{"text":"6313","confidence":0.9889,"box":[150.0,919.0,218.0,954.0]},{"text":"b7424","confidence":0.9976,"box":[247.0,919.0,329.0,954.0]},{"text":"1535","confidence":0.9891,"box":[422.0,922.0,490.0,955.0]},{"text":"2646","confidence":0.9993,"box":[531.0,923.0,602.0,955.0]},{"text":"2575","confidence":0.999,"box":[1081.0,920.0,1152.0,955.0]},{"text":"1464","confidence":0.9916,"box":[150.0,1050.0,219.0,1087.0]},{"text":"7353","confidence":0.9987,"box":[261.0,1056.0,331.0,1084.0]},{"text":"6242","confidence":0.9989,"box":[431.0,1056.0,501.0,1084.0]},{"text":"5151","confidence":0.9991,"box":[543.0,1056.0,613.0,1084.0]},{"text":"4 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b727\n3616\n2575\n注：逐渐加快速度，做到灵活又有把握。\n7练习（二）\nb7247\n135i\n3573\n4614\n5725\n6136\n2462\n3\n4i64\n3753\n2642\n1531\nb7427\n6316\n5275\n注：结合舌功做不同形式的练习。\n85","refined":true,"refinedLines":6,"printedPage":85,"chapter":7,"title":"转调、变化音阶","segments":[{"type":"text","paragraphs":["且意见也不太统一。解决这个问题我们要一一步一步地来。建议大家可以按以下的程序进行训练：","1.先熟练地学会全按作“6”的指法，第二孔按住里半孔降低半音。学会后就可以演奏《三五七》《二凡》这样一类的曲子。","2.接着熟练地学会全部作“3”的指法。第五孔降低半音的指法有几种：第一种是按第五孔的半孔；第二种是改变指法，开第一、五孔，演奏六字调的“1”；开第一、二、三、五孔，演奏六字调的“1”学会后就可以演奏《幽兰逢春》《婺江风光》《江河水》等乐曲。","3.对一些民间曲调或一般歌曲，用一根笛子尽可能地做各种调号的练习。","4.做一些系统练习。"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/091-00-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":362,"box":[152.0,244,1212.0,606],"confidence":0.992},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/091-01.webp","width":1098,"height":1142,"box":[139,619,1237,1761],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"}],"text":"且意见也不太统一。解决这个问题我们要一一步一步地来。建议大家可以按以下的程序进行训练：\n1.先熟练地学会全按作“6”的指法，第二孔按住里半孔降低半音。学会后就可以演奏《三五七》\n《二凡》这样一类的曲子。\n2.接着熟练地学会全部作“3”的指法。第五孔降低半音的指法有几种：第一种是按第五孔的半孔；\n第二种是改变指法，开第一、五孔，演奏六字调的“1”；开第一、二、三、五孔，演奏六字调的“1”\n学会后就可以演奏《幽兰逢春》《婺江风光》《江河水》等乐曲。\n3.对一些民间曲调或一般歌曲，用一根笛子尽可能地做各种调号的练习。\n4.做一些系统练习。\n7练习（一）\n全按5小.工调\n注：逐渐加快速度，做到灵活又有把握。\n7练习（二）\n注：结合舌功做不同形式的练习。","kind":"图文"},{"page":92,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/092.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/092.webp","lines":[{"text":"b7b3#4结合练习","confidence":0.9269,"box":[553.0,263.0,813.0,319.0]},{"text":"全按5小工调","confidence":0.9987,"box":[158.0,312.0,299.0,346.0]},{"text":"613624172467b51724735135","confidence":0.7347,"box":[399.0,382.0,1120.0,447.0]},{"text":"B","confidence":0.4031,"box":[164.0,401.0,178.0,416.0]},{"text":"14.6","confidence":0.8897,"box":[1106.0,399.0,1202.0,441.0]},{"text":"572513","confidence":0.9991,"box":[207.0,408.0,359.0,432.0]},{"text":"8","confidence":0.9864,"box":[162.0,417.0,179.0,435.0]},{"text":"(以下奏法同上)","confidence":0.9292,"box":[168.0,466.0,332.0,499.0]},{"text":"357 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123#4\n5567123#4\n57254216\n57254216\n注：用双吐音换气技巧演奏。《无穷动》片段双吐循环换气的要领是，将原来TKTK的舌头动作改成\nTPTK。在做“P”的动作时，将气吸进去。建议先摸索一下再练。\n89","printedPage":89,"chapter":7,"title":"转调、变化音阶","segments":[{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/095-00.webp","width":1106,"height":1319,"box":[137,250,1243,1569],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["注：用双吐音换气技巧演奏。《无穷动》片段双吐循环换气的要领是，将原来TKTK的舌头动作改成","TPTK。在做“P”的动作时，将气吸进去。建议先摸索一下再练。"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/095-01-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":108,"box":[169.0,1569,1212.0,1677],"confidence":0.995},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/095-02.webp","width":47,"height":42,"box":[686,1704,733,1746],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"}],"text":"无穷动(片断)\n（簡音作2）Alihrorivace\n帕格尼尼曲\n注：用双吐音换气技巧演奏。《无穷动》片段双吐循环换气的要领是，将原来TKTK的舌头动作改成\nTPTK。在做“P”的动作时，将气吸进去。建议先摸索一下再练。","kind":"图文"},{"page":96,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/096.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/096.webp","lines":[{"text":"第八讲气息控制及循环换气","confidence":0.9988,"box":[452.0,240.0,972.0,292.0]},{"text":"中国竹笛能够演奏高歌入云的强烈音调，又能演奏细如一线的纤巧乐章。它能抑能扬、能柔能刚，或","confidence":0.993,"box":[223.0,343.0,1243.0,397.0]},{"text":"激昂慷慨、舞幽壑之潜咬，或如泣如诉，泣孤舟之妇。竹笛的这种性能，远比西洋长笛优越。我国历史","confidence":0.979,"box":[176.0,388.0,1241.0,444.0]},{"text":"上许多著名的诗人词客，在悠扬的笛声中，或仰天长啸，或潜然断肠，写下了许多不朽的诗篇。竹笛所以","confidence":0.9875,"box":[175.0,434.0,1239.0,490.0]},{"text":"这样感人原因很多，在技巧上，气息控制是赋予竹笛以艺术魅力的重要一环。","confidence":0.999,"box":[173.0,480.0,951.0,529.0]},{"text":"气息控制在声学理论上属于激发频率的可控性。一定的管长，产生--定的固有频率，这是比较纯和稳","confidence":0.9984,"box":[217.0,528.0,1236.0,582.0]},{"text":"定的；同时还有一种互相联系的频率叫“激发频率”，这种频率有一定的变化范围。吹奏时，气流成细束","confidence":0.9978,"box":[170.0,573.0,1235.0,629.0]},{"text":"（术语称为“射流”）进人管内，这种成束的气流，本身具有一定范围的频率。频率的高低，与气流的速度","confidence":0.9946,"box":[169.0,619.0,1234.0,675.0]},{"text":"成正比，而与细束的直径(为圆时)或宽度(为扁时)成反比。具体地说：如气粗而缓则激发频率低，因而适","confidence":0.9811,"box":[167.0,666.0,1232.0,721.0]},{"text":"宜于吹低音；如要吹高音时，激发频率应相应地提高，吹气应细而急。吹气的粗细缓急由吹奏者改变口","confidence":0.9993,"box":[165.0,712.0,1230.0,767.0]},{"text":"形、位置和用气的情况来调节，演奏的术语称之为“口劲”、“口风”、“风门”。对于固定的固有频","confidence":0.9977,"box":[163.0,759.0,1230.0,813.0]},{"text":"率，通过口劲、口风、风门的变化达到控制音高、音色、音量的目的，这种技巧就称之为“气息控制”。","confidence":0.9963,"box":[163.0,805.0,1217.0,859.0]},{"text":"气息控制要做到三个“能”：","confidence":0.9977,"box":[208.0,852.0,498.0,887.0]},{"text":"第--，口劲能松能紧。","confidence":0.9575,"box":[205.0,897.0,427.0,931.0]},{"text":"第二，口风能粗能细。","confidence":0.9989,"box":[204.0,944.0,425.0,978.0]},{"text":"第三，风门能里能外。","confidence":0.9976,"box":[203.0,990.0,423.0,1024.0]},{"text":"口劲、口风、风门这三者与乐音的三特性(即音调、音品、音量)之间的关系是错综复杂的，要正确地","confidence":0.9916,"box":[204.0,1036.0,1222.0,1090.0]},{"text":"认识它们的自然规律，然后把它们控制起来。它们的自然规律如下：","confidence":0.9979,"box":[155.0,1080.0,839.0,1127.0]},{"text":"1.口风细，音量弱，音要低，音色较优美。","confidence":0.9759,"box":[200.0,1128.0,634.0,1167.0]},{"text":"2.口风粗，音量强，音要高，音色易发噪。","confidence":0.9949,"box":[196.0,1174.0,632.0,1214.0]},{"text":"3.口劲足，音量强，音要高，音色结实。","confidence":0.9966,"box":[194.0,1220.0,607.0,1259.0]},{"text":"4.口劲松，音量弱，音要低，音色柔和。","confidence":0.9794,"box":[194.0,1266.0,605.0,1305.0]},{"text":"5.风门向里（即唇部与吹孔成锐角），音量弱，音要低，音色较纯。","confidence":0.9799,"box":[193.0,1312.0,859.0,1358.0]},{"text":"6.风门向外（即唇部与吹孔成钝角)，音量强，音要高，音色易噪。","confidence":0.9658,"box":[191.0,1359.0,859.0,1404.0]},{"text":"气息控制的技巧，就是要把以上六种自然规律有机地结合起来，达到三个要求：","confidence":0.9991,"box":[191.0,1404.0,992.0,1454.0]},{"text":"1.音量能强能弱，强到f，弱到pP。","confidence":0.9603,"box":[189.0,1449.0,554.0,1489.0]},{"text":"2.音准上要做到强而不高，弱而不低。","confidence":0.9985,"box":[186.0,1496.0,575.0,1534.0]},{"text":"3.音色上要做到强而不噪，弱而不虚。","confidence":0.9964,"box":[185.0,1542.0,574.0,1581.0]},{"text":"举例：","confidence":0.9998,"box":[186.0,1590.0,245.0,1615.0]},{"text":"1.口风细和口劲足结合在一起。","confidence":0.9833,"box":[185.0,1632.0,503.0,1672.0]},{"text":"90","confidence":0.9762,"box":[654.0,1707.0,683.0,1734.0]}],"rawText":"第八讲气息控制及循环换气\n中国竹笛能够演奏高歌入云的强烈音调，又能演奏细如一线的纤巧乐章。它能抑能扬、能柔能刚，或\n激昂慷慨、舞幽壑之潜咬，或如泣如诉，泣孤舟之妇。竹笛的这种性能，远比西洋长笛优越。我国历史\n上许多著名的诗人词客，在悠扬的笛声中，或仰天长啸，或潜然断肠，写下了许多不朽的诗篇。竹笛所以\n这样感人原因很多，在技巧上，气息控制是赋予竹笛以艺术魅力的重要一环。\n气息控制在声学理论上属于激发频率的可控性。一定的管长，产生--定的固有频率，这是比较纯和稳\n定的；同时还有一种互相联系的频率叫“激发频率”，这种频率有一定的变化范围。吹奏时，气流成细束\n（术语称为“射流”）进人管内，这种成束的气流，本身具有一定范围的频率。频率的高低，与气流的速度\n成正比，而与细束的直径(为圆时)或宽度(为扁时)成反比。具体地说：如气粗而缓则激发频率低，因而适\n宜于吹低音；如要吹高音时，激发频率应相应地提高，吹气应细而急。吹气的粗细缓急由吹奏者改变口\n形、位置和用气的情况来调节，演奏的术语称之为“口劲”、“口风”、“风门”。对于固定的固有频\n率，通过口劲、口风、风门的变化达到控制音高、音色、音量的目的，这种技巧就称之为“气息控制”。\n气息控制要做到三个“能”：\n第--，口劲能松能紧。\n第二，口风能粗能细。\n第三，风门能里能外。\n口劲、口风、风门这三者与乐音的三特性(即音调、音品、音量)之间的关系是错综复杂的，要正确地\n认识它们的自然规律，然后把它们控制起来。它们的自然规律如下：\n1.口风细，音量弱，音要低，音色较优美。\n2.口风粗，音量强，音要高，音色易发噪。\n3.口劲足，音量强，音要高，音色结实。\n4.口劲松，音量弱，音要低，音色柔和。\n5.风门向里（即唇部与吹孔成锐角），音量弱，音要低，音色较纯。\n6.风门向外（即唇部与吹孔成钝角)，音量强，音要高，音色易噪。\n气息控制的技巧，就是要把以上六种自然规律有机地结合起来，达到三个要求：\n1.音量能强能弱，强到f，弱到pP。\n2.音准上要做到强而不高，弱而不低。\n3.音色上要做到强而不噪，弱而不虚。\n举例：\n1.口风细和口劲足结合在一起。\n90","refined":true,"refinedLines":16,"printedPage":90,"chapter":8,"title":"气息控制及循环换气","segments":[{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/096-00.webp","width":538,"height":72,"box":[442,230,980,302],"label":"谱例 / 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图文原片"}],"text":"第八讲气息控制及循环换气\n中国竹笛能够演奏高歌入云的强烈音调，又能演奏细如一线的纤巧乐章。它能抑能扬、能柔能刚，或\n激昂慷慨、舞幽壑之潜咬，或如泣如诉，泣孤舟之妇。竹笛的这种性能，远比西洋长笛优越。我国历史\n上许多著名的诗人词客，在悠扬的笛声中，或仰天长啸，或潜然断肠，写下了许多不朽的诗篇。竹笛所以\n这样感人原因很多，在技巧上，气息控制是赋予竹笛以艺术魅力的重要一环。\n气息控制在声学理论上属于激发频率的可控性。一定的管长，产生--定的固有频率，这是比较纯和稳\n定的；同时还有一种互相联系的频率叫“激发频率”，这种频率有一定的变化范围。吹奏时，气流成细束\n（术语称为“射流”）进人管内，这种成束的气流，本身具有一定范围的频率。频率的高低，与气流的速度\n成正比，而与细束的直径(为圆时)或宽度(为扁时)成反比。具体地说：如气粗而缓则激发频率低，因而适\n宜于吹低音；如要吹高音时，激发频率应相应地提高，吹气应细而急。吹气的粗细缓急由吹奏者改变口\n形、位置和用气的情况来调节，演奏的术语称之为“口劲”、“口风”、“风门”。对于固定的固有频\n率，通过口劲、口风、风门的变化达到控制音高、音色、音量的目的，这种技巧就称之为“气息控制”。\n气息控制要做到三个“能”：\n第--，口劲能松能紧。\n第二，口风能粗能细。\n第三，风门能里能外。\n口劲、口风、风门这三者与乐音的三特性(即音调、音品、音量)之间的关系是错综复杂的，要正确地\n认识它们的自然规律，然后把它们控制起来。它们的自然规律如下：\n1.口风细，音量弱，音要低，音色较优美。\n2.口风粗，音量强，音要高，音色易发噪。\n3.口劲足，音量强，音要高，音色结实。\n4.口劲松，音量弱，音要低，音色柔和。\n5.风门向里（即唇部与吹孔成锐角），音量弱，音要低，音色较纯。\n6.风门向外（即唇部与吹孔成钝角)，音量强，音要高，音色易噪。\n气息控制的技巧，就是要把以上六种自然规律有机地结合起来，达到三个要求：\n1.音量能强能弱，强到f，弱到pP。\n2.音准上要做到强而不高，弱而不低。\n3.音色上要做到强而不噪，弱而不虚。\n举例：\n1.口风细和口劲足结合在一起。","kind":"图文"},{"page":97,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/097.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/097.webp","lines":[{"text":"2.口风粗和口劲松结合在一起。","confidence":0.999,"box":[201.0,260.0,522.0,286.0]},{"text":"3.口风细、口劲松和风门向外结合在一-起。","confidence":0.98,"box":[202.0,306.0,627.0,332.0]},{"text":"4.口风粗、口劲足和风门向里结合在一起。","confidence":0.9948,"box":[201.0,350.0,628.0,379.0]},{"text":"通过以上的结合就能做到上面说的三个要求。现在来试一下，用长音吹强、弱变化音：","confidence":0.9941,"box":[201.0,394.0,1053.0,425.0]},{"text":"长音练习","confidence":0.9996,"box":[599.0,488.0,809.0,525.0]},{"text":"dd","confidence":0.9796,"box":[242.0,658.0,268.0,678.0]},{"text":"PP","confidence":0.7924,"box":[763.0,662.0,789.0,682.0]},{"text":"pp","confidence":0.573,"box":[686.0,666.0,717.0,690.0]},{"text":"pp","confidence":0.8654,"box":[241.0,818.0,263.0,833.0]},{"text":"pp","confidence":0.5732,"box":[686.0,823.0,715.0,847.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.998,"box":[237.0,940.0,250.0,954.0]},{"text":"PP","confidence":0.6966,"box":[240.0,966.0,261.0,981.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9901,"box":[237.0,1083.0,250.0,1100.0]},{"text":"PP","confidence":0.924,"box":[237.0,1104.0,263.0,1124.0]},{"text":"PP","confidence":0.9646,"box":[1184.0,1247.0,1206.0,1263.0]},{"text":"pp","confidence":0.7279,"box":[238.0,1401.0,263.0,1422.0]},{"text":"pp","confidence":0.6825,"box":[1171.0,1400.0,1191.0,1412.0]},{"text":"再倒回去，从高音到低音，把强、弱记号换过来练习。每天练习两遍。注意：关键在于耳朵的鉴别能力，要","confidence":0.9967,"box":[201.0,1486.0,1224.0,1517.0]},{"text":"随时留心音准和音色的变化。","confidence":0.9992,"box":[155.0,1536.0,447.0,1564.0]},{"text":"气息控制的训练是长期的，“三日不弹手生荆棘，三日不吹唇长绒毛”。越是细致的功夫，反映越强烈。通","confidence":0.9935,"box":[200.0,1577.0,1225.0,1611.0]},{"text":"过实践，会有深刻的体会。","confidence":0.9974,"box":[156.0,1629.0,413.0,1656.0]},{"text":"除了用长音练习控制外，可以结合指法的灵活性做下面的练习：","confidence":0.9985,"box":[200.0,1672.0,832.0,1702.0]},{"text":"91","confidence":0.9999,"box":[678.0,1720.0,707.0,1747.0]}],"rawText":"2.口风粗和口劲松结合在一起。\n3.口风细、口劲松和风门向外结合在一-起。\n4.口风粗、口劲足和风门向里结合在一起。\n通过以上的结合就能做到上面说的三个要求。现在来试一下，用长音吹强、弱变化音：\n长音练习\ndd\nPP\npp\npp\npp\n3\nPP\n6\nPP\nPP\npp\npp\n再倒回去，从高音到低音，把强、弱记号换过来练习。每天练习两遍。注意：关键在于耳朵的鉴别能力，要\n随时留心音准和音色的变化。\n气息控制的训练是长期的，“三日不弹手生荆棘，三日不吹唇长绒毛”。越是细致的功夫，反映越强烈。通\n过实践，会有深刻的体会。\n除了用长音练习控制外，可以结合指法的灵活性做下面的练习：\n91","refined":true,"refinedLines":4,"printedPage":91,"chapter":8,"title":"气息控制及循环换气","segments":[{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/097-00.webp","width":1057,"height":1184,"box":[185,250,1242,1434],"label":"谱例 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图文原片"}],"text":"2.口风粗和口劲松结合在一起。\n3.口风细、口劲松和风门向外结合在一-起。\n4.口风粗、口劲足和风门向里结合在一起。\n通过以上的结合就能做到上面说的三个要求。现在来试一下，用长音吹强、弱变化音：\n长音练习\n再倒回去，从高音到低音，把强、弱记号换过来练习。每天练习两遍。注意：关键在于耳朵的鉴别能力，要\n随时留心音准和音色的变化。\n气息控制的训练是长期的，“三日不弹手生荆棘，三日不吹唇长绒毛”。越是细致的功夫，反映越强烈。通\n过实践，会有深刻的体会。\n除了用长音练习控制外，可以结合指法的灵活性做下面的练习：","kind":"图文"},{"page":98,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/098.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/098.webp","lines":[{"text":"气息控制练习之一","confidence":0.9994,"box":[568.0,247.0,849.0,287.0]},{"text":"全按5小工调","confidence":0.9991,"box":[175.0,313.0,317.0,344.0]},{"text":"自由地","confidence":0.9994,"box":[218.0,476.0,296.0,511.0]},{"text":"渐快渐强","confidence":0.9995,"box":[933.0,476.0,1033.0,510.0]},{"text":"5665","confidence":0.9988,"box":[648.0,528.0,716.0,553.0]},{"text":"渐快渐强","confidence":0.9997,"box":[672.0,677.0,773.0,711.0]},{"text":"232","confidence":0.8783,"box":[565.0,718.0,603.0,740.0]},{"text":"4321321","confidence":0.9913,"box":[846.0,712.0,955.0,743.0]},{"text":"72176176","confidence":0.9827,"box":[1040.0,709.0,1172.0,743.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9789,"box":[451.0,881.0,460.0,892.0]},{"text":"56712176","confidence":0.9248,"box":[466.0,887.0,611.0,921.0]},{"text":"56712176","confidence":0.9583,"box":[1013.0,888.0,1159.0,920.0]},{"text":"B","confidence":0.8833,"box":[474.0,1066.0,483.0,1077.0]},{"text":"56712176","confidence":0.9964,"box":[486.0,1074.0,618.0,1108.0]},{"text":"56712176","confidence":0.965,"box":[678.0,1073.0,811.0,1110.0]},{"text":"56712176","confidence":0.9763,"box":[859.0,1072.0,991.0,1109.0]},{"text":"56712176","confidence":0.9916,"box":[1039.0,1072.0,1170.0,1109.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9947,"box":[209.0,1086.0,219.0,1096.0]},{"text":"pp 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/ 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["掌握了气息控制的技巧，就能使演奏具有抑扬顿挫的美感，就能比较深刻地表达人的思想感情。掌握此项技巧后再来演奏前几讲所举的乐曲，就会有不同的艺术效果。当然，技巧是为内容服务的，气息控制也不例外，它必须用得恰当、自然，否则就会产生反作用。希望演奏者能通过大量的实践来提高气息控制"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/103-02-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":161,"box":[161.0,832,1230.0,993],"confidence":0.998},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/103-03.webp","width":690,"height":169,"box":[153,995,843,1164],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["3.尝试用不同的抑扬顿挫处理方法来演奏所选乐曲，以求理解和应用。","在气息控制技巧已达到一定水平时，就可以开始练习循环换气技巧。","循环换气技巧能使气流源源不断。这是吹管乐器比唱歌优越的一种性能。所有的管乐器一般都可以使用这种技巧，如唢呐、双簧管等很早就已使用了这种技巧。在笛子上使用这种技巧则是50年代才有的事。因为吹笛子时双腮紧缩，口腔内没有较大的空间，而且笛子是以边棱振动而发声，有一半左右的气流吹出管外，因此如果有很细的口风及口劲的配合，就做不到气流源源不断地进人笛子。即使能在吸气时通过口劲肌肉的收缩挤出一点气流进入笛子，也会因为压力不够而发不出声音或达不到一定的音高。但通过努力是可达到要求的。练习的程序如下：","循环换气的原理是在吸气的时候，将口腔内的空气通过口腔周围的各部分肌肉的压缩挤出少量空气使其发出声音，弥补了因为吸气而中断的气流。"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/103-04-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":520,"box":[171.0,1164,1248.0,1684],"confidence":0.997},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/103-05.webp","width":46,"height":41,"box":[693,1701,739,1742],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"}],"text":"在做以上练习时，要注意把风门的位置放在最好的地方。也就是唇与吹孔成直角的地方。不要过多地\n移动风门以求得变化，而是要多练习口劲及口风的吹气角度。通过上下两唇的放松和缩紧，可以改变气流\n的方向。如要使音高一点，就向前方吹；要使音低一点，就向下方吹。但这只是在需要时才这样。正常的\n情况下，只有一个角度是最好的，这个角度很难用理论来说明，而是要从实践中去摸索出来，因为笛子不\n在正常情况下，风门的位置是唇与吹孔成直角，但在需要的时候，这个角度是允许有所变化的。比如\n说，要演奏强烈的音调，而且整个乐曲都强烈，那么就可以将风门向外一些，使唇与吹孔之间成为略大于\n直角的钝角，这样发音就更响亮、结实。演奏北方风格的许多乐曲或部队的进行曲等就可以用这一个位\n置。又比如说，要演奏细腻的乐章，不要求有强烈的音调出现，那么可以将风门向里一些，使唇与吹孔之\n间成为略小于直角的锐角，这样发音就比较纯净、柔和。南方风格的许多乐曲或小夜曲之类的抒情乐曲，\n则可以用这--个位置。但是这两个位置不能在同一根笛子吹奏的同一个曲子上出现，因为两者的发音高度\n不一样。如果既要能强，又要能弱，而又要求音高不变，那么就一定要采用正常的唇与吹孔成直角的位\n掌握了气息控制的技巧，就能使演奏具有抑扬顿挫的美感，就能比较深刻地表达人的思想感情。掌握\n此项技巧后再来演奏前几讲所举的乐曲，就会有不同的艺术效果。当然，技巧是为内容服务的，气息控制\n也不例外，它必须用得恰当、自然，否则就会产生反作用。希望演奏者能通过大量的实践来提高气息控制\n的能力。\n演奏时要随时注意下列几点：\n1.分析、理解气息控制的作用及应用方法。\n2.力求达到气息控制的三要求，即音量、音准和音色的要求。\n3.尝试用不同的抑扬顿挫处理方法来演奏所选乐曲，以求理解和应用。\n在气息控制技巧已达到一定水平时，就可以开始练习循环换气技巧。\n循环换气技巧能使气流源源不断。这是吹管乐器比唱歌优越的一种性能。所有的管乐器一般都可以使\n用这种技巧，如唢呐、双簧管等很早就已使用了这种技巧。在笛子上使用这种技巧则是50年代才有的\n事。因为吹笛子时双腮紧缩，口腔内没有较大的空间，而且笛子是以边棱振动而发声，有一半左右的气流\n吹出管外，因此如果有很细的口风及口劲的配合，就做不到气流源源不断地进人笛子。即使能在吸气时通\n过口劲肌肉的收缩挤出一点气流进入笛子，也会因为压力不够而发不出声音或达不到一定的音高。但通过\n努力是可达到要求的。练习的程序如下：\n循环换气的原理是在吸气的时候，将口腔内的空气通过口腔周围的各部分肌肉的压缩挤出少量空气使\n其发出声音，弥补了因为吸气而中断的气流。","kind":"图文"},{"page":104,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/104.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/104.webp","lines":[{"text":"2.练习挤气。懂得什么是挤气，什么是吹气。吹气大家都懂，不吹气而要有气出来，就需要挤气。","confidence":0.9867,"box":[214.0,266.0,1208.0,295.0]},{"text":"3.挤气时，口形要和吹笛时一个模样，特别是风门的形状不能变。","confidence":0.999,"box":[213.0,313.0,883.0,341.0]},{"text":"4.将笛子放在嘴边，先吹响，然后停吹，开始挤气，试试看有没有声音然后再练，练到挤气时笛子","confidence":0.9984,"box":[211.0,359.0,1235.0,388.0]},{"text":"能响。","confidence":0.9999,"box":[167.0,407.0,231.0,436.0]},{"text":"5.在挤气时，将气吸进去，然后再吹出来，之后挤气同时吸气。这个动作循环不断，于是就成了循","confidence":0.9988,"box":[213.0,452.0,1235.0,482.0]},{"text":"环换气。","confidence":0.9993,"box":[168.0,501.0,253.0,529.0]},{"text":"要熟练掌握需要一个不断练习的过程，方法对头的话，也许练习一两天就能掌握，也许需要-两个星","confidence":0.9884,"box":[214.0,546.0,1233.0,574.0]},{"text":"期。根据我的经验，平均十来天就可基本掌握。但基本掌握不等于达到要求。","confidence":0.9971,"box":[168.0,594.0,946.0,619.0]},{"text":"要求有三：","confidence":0.9952,"box":[213.0,640.0,320.0,668.0]},{"text":"1.呼气吸气没有杂音。","confidence":0.9817,"box":[215.0,686.0,441.0,713.0]},{"text":"2.看不出在进行循环换气，即和原来吹笛时一个模样。","confidence":0.9972,"box":[213.0,733.0,766.0,758.0]},{"text":"3.听不出在进行循环换气。","confidence":0.9976,"box":[214.0,779.0,485.0,805.0]},{"text":"第三个要求最难。因为挤气时气流很小，很容易使频率产生波动。","confidence":0.9968,"box":[215.0,827.0,876.0,850.0]},{"text":"熟能生巧，这是其一；努力提高气息控制的能力，这是其二。不断提高自己的艺术素质，才能懂得如","confidence":0.9771,"box":[214.0,869.0,1236.0,898.0]},{"text":"何应用？是否该用？什么目的？有什么要求？等等。","confidence":0.9504,"box":[168.0,918.0,645.0,944.0]},{"text":"接着，我们来学习一首难度较大的乐曲《鸪飞》。","confidence":0.9933,"box":[215.0,964.0,736.0,989.0]},{"text":"这首乐曲之所以较难，从技巧上来说，首先是因为它需要有较高的气息控制技巧（即气息控制三要","confidence":0.9972,"box":[214.0,1009.0,1235.0,1036.0]},{"text":"求)。同时要求熟练的循环换气技巧，一口气以极快的指法，吹完五十二小节的四拍十六分音符连音。至","confidence":0.9858,"box":[164.0,1054.0,1236.0,1082.0]},{"text":"于艺术的深度，内涵的表达等，都是牵涉很广泛的问题，每个演奏家，都会有自已的理解并随之而产生分","confidence":0.9925,"box":[169.0,1100.0,1235.0,1129.0]},{"text":"析和处理的方法。","confidence":0.9999,"box":[167.0,1146.0,344.0,1175.0]},{"text":"鹧鸪飞","confidence":0.8368,"box":[624.0,1202.0,776.0,1236.0]},{"text":"民间乐曲","confidence":0.9991,"box":[1133.0,1254.0,1236.0,1285.0]},{"text":"1=F或E（曲笛全按为2）","confidence":0.9419,"box":[172.0,1286.0,449.0,1325.0]},{"text":"赵松庭改编","confidence":0.9997,"box":[1102.0,1293.0,1236.0,1323.0]},{"text":"44","confidence":0.9632,"box":[190.0,1336.0,220.0,1383.0]},{"text":"极慢","confidence":0.9995,"box":[712.0,1398.0,766.0,1429.0]},{"text":"自由","confidence":0.9196,"box":[804.0,1397.0,855.0,1429.0]},{"text":"稳定」=44","confidence":0.9265,"box":[921.0,1397.0,1060.0,1428.0]},{"text":"自由地","confidence":0.9987,"box":[181.0,1402.0,255.0,1432.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9878,"box":[190.0,1434.0,216.0,1456.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9982,"box":[825.0,1448.0,855.0,1471.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9906,"box":[1085.0,1455.0,1108.0,1475.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.6113,"box":[166.0,1458.0,197.0,1481.0]},{"text":"6.656","confidence":0.9953,"box":[774.0,1470.0,863.0,1501.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9987,"box":[187.0,1478.0,205.0,1498.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9986,"box":[606.0,1481.0,617.0,1496.0]},{"text":".2356","confidence":0.979,"box":[903.0,1472.0,993.0,1499.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.999,"box":[1084.0,1478.0,1101.0,1497.0]},{"text":"2316","confidence":0.9993,"box":[1141.0,1475.0,1208.0,1500.0]},{"text":"mp","confidence":0.9989,"box":[183.0,1504.0,220.0,1528.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9993,"box":[575.0,1532.0,595.0,1550.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9992,"box":[1192.0,1556.0,1213.0,1577.0]},{"text":"3563.432","confidence":0.998,"box":[459.0,1577.0,621.0,1606.0]},{"text":"332","confidence":0.9978,"box":[1037.0,1577.0,1105.0,1605.0]},{"text":"2.3","confidence":0.9902,"box":[312.0,1580.0,359.0,1602.0]},{"text":"56","confidence":0.9977,"box":[368.0,1581.0,417.0,1603.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9447,"box":[711.0,1580.0,727.0,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图文原片"}],"text":"2.练习挤气。懂得什么是挤气，什么是吹气。吹气大家都懂，不吹气而要有气出来，就需要挤气。\n3.挤气时，口形要和吹笛时一个模样，特别是风门的形状不能变。\n4.将笛子放在嘴边，先吹响，然后停吹，开始挤气，试试看有没有声音然后再练，练到挤气时笛子\n能响。\n5.在挤气时，将气吸进去，然后再吹出来，之后挤气同时吸气。这个动作循环不断，于是就成了循\n环换气。\n要熟练掌握需要一个不断练习的过程，方法对头的话，也许练习一两天就能掌握，也许需要-两个星\n期。根据我的经验，平均十来天就可基本掌握。但基本掌握不等于达到要求。\n要求有三：\n1.呼气吸气没有杂音。\n2.看不出在进行循环换气，即和原来吹笛时一个模样。\n3.听不出在进行循环换气。\n第三个要求最难。因为挤气时气流很小，很容易使频率产生波动。\n熟能生巧，这是其一；努力提高气息控制的能力，这是其二。不断提高自己的艺术素质，才能懂得如\n何应用？是否该用？什么目的？有什么要求？等等。\n接着，我们来学习一首难度较大的乐曲《鸪飞》。\n这首乐曲之所以较难，从技巧上来说，首先是因为它需要有较高的气息控制技巧（即气息控制三要\n求)。同时要求熟练的循环换气技巧，一口气以极快的指法，吹完五十二小节的四拍十六分音符连音。至\n于艺术的深度，内涵的表达等，都是牵涉很广泛的问题，每个演奏家，都会有自已的理解并随之而产生分\n析和处理的方法。\n鹧鸪飞\n民间乐曲\n1=F或E（曲笛全按为2）\n赵松庭改编\n极慢\n自由\n稳定」=44\n自由地","kind":"图文"},{"page":105,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/105.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/105.webp","lines":[{"text":"tr","confidence":0.9752,"box":[712.0,271.0,730.0,287.0]},{"text":"市","confidence":0.5157,"box":[621.0,283.0,639.0,299.0]},{"text":"1. 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图文原片"}],"text":"6.倍低音L型大笛\n图12倍低音1.型大笛（弯管笛）\n到了90年代，笛子的音区进一步扩展到大C大A的低八度（见图12)，此种笛了日前尚未推广，因为\n还缺少合适的乐曲：但它的前程是不可限量的，因为它的音区、音色、音量等都有独到之处，更因为它的\n音区在中低育谱表上，因此能为解决民族乐队缺乏低音乐器的问题做出贡献、请欣赏由此种笛演奏的乐\n关山月\n古曲","kind":"图文"},{"page":115,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/115.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/115.webp","lines":[{"text":"人大小小、长长短短的笛子，当我们上台伴奏时总要带上--箱子笛子；独奏换笛时，还要放--个架","confidence":0.9797,"box":[193.0,281.0,1218.0,328.0]},{"text":"子，犹如编磐一般。为了解决这个问题，60年代我就用了排笛。","confidence":0.9943,"box":[149.0,336.0,793.0,375.0]},{"text":"所谓“排笛”（见图13），就是将大小不同的笛子，根据演奏的需要绑扎在一起，最多可以扎到四","confidence":0.9865,"box":[194.0,374.0,1218.0,421.0]},{"text":"根：这种办法有儿个好处：","confidence":0.9944,"box":[151.0,436.0,416.0,468.0]},{"text":"1.笛子的音域扩展了，能吹出三个八度以上的音阶：音色丰富了，表现力也增强了。","confidence":0.9982,"box":[194.0,470.0,1052.0,514.0]},{"text":"2.换笛迅速，转调方便，能解决许多单根笛子所不能解决的问题。","confidence":0.9938,"box":[194.0,520.0,866.0,560.0]},{"text":"3.学习简便，丝毫不改变原来的指法，今天学明天就可以用。如果不要，拿掉就是。失去的只是几","confidence":0.9975,"box":[195.0,559.0,1222.0,607.0]},{"text":"根小笛子本来就无用的装饰部分，而得到的却是音域、音色、转调等多方面的增益。","confidence":0.9964,"box":[152.0,610.0,1001.0,653.0]},{"text":"4.绑扎方便。绑扎方法如下：","confidence":0.9986,"box":[197.0,667.0,496.0,699.0]},{"text":"①将需要的笛子两根、二根或四根配成套，除了最外面一根不动外，其他都要将笛塞以上的装饰部分","confidence":0.9871,"box":[199.0,699.0,1223.0,746.0]},{"text":"截去。这部分除了装饰外，本来就毫无用处。","confidence":0.9922,"box":[155.0,760.0,607.0,791.0]},{"text":"②将它们的吹孔尽量靠近，吹外面··根时，颊部感觉到里面--根的位置，但不要妨碍吹外面一根。","confidence":0.9718,"box":[200.0,792.0,1192.0,837.0]},{"text":"③两根笛子之间用“x”形垫片衬住，免得滑动。","confidence":0.9433,"box":[201.0,848.0,693.0,883.0]},{"text":"④用活动的螺丝套把它们扎紧。","confidence":0.9945,"box":[202.0,899.0,515.0,927.0]},{"text":"图13排笛","confidence":0.9408,"box":[663.0,1354.0,776.0,1381.0]},{"text":"用排笛已经创作并演奏出好几首如《婺江风光》《采茶忙》《西皮花板》《水乡船歌》和《婺江欢","confidence":0.9735,"box":[210.0,1389.0,1236.0,1436.0]},{"text":"歌》等曲子。请欣赏··首《火车向着韶山跑》，用二根笛子演奏：","confidence":0.9608,"box":[166.0,1444.0,829.0,1483.0]},{"text":"109","confidence":0.9995,"box":[687.0,1713.0,727.0,1739.0]}],"rawText":"人大小小、长长短短的笛子，当我们上台伴奏时总要带上--箱子笛子；独奏换笛时，还要放--个架\n子，犹如编磐一般。为了解决这个问题，60年代我就用了排笛。\n所谓“排笛”（见图13），就是将大小不同的笛子，根据演奏的需要绑扎在一起，最多可以扎到四\n根：这种办法有儿个好处：\n1.笛子的音域扩展了，能吹出三个八度以上的音阶：音色丰富了，表现力也增强了。\n2.换笛迅速，转调方便，能解决许多单根笛子所不能解决的问题。\n3.学习简便，丝毫不改变原来的指法，今天学明天就可以用。如果不要，拿掉就是。失去的只是几\n根小笛子本来就无用的装饰部分，而得到的却是音域、音色、转调等多方面的增益。\n4.绑扎方便。绑扎方法如下：\n①将需要的笛子两根、二根或四根配成套，除了最外面一根不动外，其他都要将笛塞以上的装饰部分\n截去。这部分除了装饰外，本来就毫无用处。\n②将它们的吹孔尽量靠近，吹外面··根时，颊部感觉到里面--根的位置，但不要妨碍吹外面一根。\n③两根笛子之间用“x”形垫片衬住，免得滑动。\n④用活动的螺丝套把它们扎紧。\n图13排笛\n用排笛已经创作并演奏出好几首如《婺江风光》《采茶忙》《西皮花板》《水乡船歌》和《婺江欢\n歌》等曲子。请欣赏··首《火车向着韶山跑》，用二根笛子演奏：\n109","refined":true,"refinedLines":11,"printedPage":109,"chapter":9,"title":"形形色色的笛子","segments":[{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/115-00.webp","width":96,"height":21,"box":[182,255,278,276],"label":"谱例 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图文原片"}],"text":"人大小小、长长短短的笛子，当我们上台伴奏时总要带上--箱子笛子；独奏换笛时，还要放--个架\n子，犹如编磐一般。为了解决这个问题，60年代我就用了排笛。\n所谓“排笛”（见图13），就是将大小不同的笛子，根据演奏的需要绑扎在一起，最多可以扎到四\n根：这种办法有儿个好处：\n1.笛子的音域扩展了，能吹出三个八度以上的音阶：音色丰富了，表现力也增强了。\n2.换笛迅速，转调方便，能解决许多单根笛子所不能解决的问题。\n3.学习简便，丝毫不改变原来的指法，今天学明天就可以用。如果不要，拿掉就是。失去的只是几\n根小笛子本来就无用的装饰部分，而得到的却是音域、音色、转调等多方面的增益。\n4.绑扎方便。绑扎方法如下：\n①将需要的笛子两根、二根或四根配成套，除了最外面一根不动外，其他都要将笛塞以上的装饰部分\n截去。这部分除了装饰外，本来就毫无用处。\n②将它们的吹孔尽量靠近，吹外面··根时，颊部感觉到里面--根的位置，但不要妨碍吹外面一根。\n③两根笛子之间用“x”形垫片衬住，免得滑动。\n④用活动的螺丝套把它们扎紧。\n图13排笛\n用排笛已经创作并演奏出好几首如《婺江风光》《采茶忙》《西皮花板》《水乡船歌》和《婺江欢\n歌》等曲子。请欣赏··首《火车向着韶山跑》，用二根笛子演奏：","kind":"图文"},{"page":116,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/116.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/116.webp","lines":[{"text":"火车向着韶山跑","confidence":0.9918,"box":[518.0,231.0,832.0,272.0]},{"text":"1=F排笛独奏曲","confidence":0.9976,"box":[174.0,278.0,358.0,313.0]},{"text":"赵松庭改编","confidence":0.9996,"box":[1104.0,282.0,1240.0,319.0]},{"text":"郴笛（筒音5）","confidence":0.7665,"box":[208.0,316.0,346.0,351.0]},{"text":"渐快","confidence":0.9984,"box":[422.0,382.0,477.0,415.0]},{"text":"-","confidence":0.7524,"box":[180.0,415.0,279.0,457.0]},{"text":"o","confidence":0.3738,"box":[448.0,410.0,483.0,462.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9994,"box":[467.0,436.0,503.0,458.0]},{"text":"1|14丨74|x||","confidence":0.4528,"box":[169.0,558.0,915.0,620.0]},{"text":"5674","confidence":0.9992,"box":[953.0,583.0,1020.0,614.0]},{"text":"5674","confidence":0.9975,"box":[1047.0,587.0,1114.0,615.0]},{"text":"X","confidence":0.8328,"box":[1176.0,582.0,1212.0,616.0]},{"text":"5613","confidence":0.9986,"box":[237.0,735.0,303.0,767.0]},{"text":"￥T 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图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["笛类乐器的形制还有许多，从定义上来说，凡属边棱震动发声的乐器，都归属于笛类。場可以归属为笛类，单簧管、双簧管等则应归属为簧管乐器。笛与箫声学性质相同，不必分类，但为了尊重习惯，建议今后凡横吹的称为“笛”，竖吹的称为“箫”。"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/117-01-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":153,"box":[171.0,1524,1244.0,1677],"confidence":0.978},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/117-02.webp","width":55,"height":41,"box":[679,1698,734,1739],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"}],"text":"榔笛\n回本速\n高音笛\n笛类乐器的形制还有许多，从定义上来说，凡属边棱震动发声的乐器，都归属于笛类。場可以归属为\n笛类，单簧管、双簧管等则应归属为簧管乐器。笛与箫声学性质相同，不必分类，但为了尊重习惯，建议\n今后凡横吹的称为“笛”，竖吹的称为“箫”。","kind":"图文"},{"page":118,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/118.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/118.webp","lines":[{"text":"第十讲怎样演奏《早晨》","confidence":0.9957,"box":[466.0,229.0,923.0,273.0]},{"text":"《早晨》创作于50年代，在今天我们来演奏它，可以了解笛子艺术在50年代的发展情况，同时通过","confidence":0.9985,"box":[227.0,334.0,1237.0,377.0]},{"text":"对比，能明显地感受到时代前进的步伐。","confidence":0.9986,"box":[167.0,379.0,575.0,414.0]},{"text":"怎样演奏《早晨》？","confidence":0.996,"box":[214.0,426.0,415.0,457.0]},{"text":"《早晨》的创作意图：","confidence":0.9976,"box":[225.0,472.0,435.0,504.0]},{"text":"1.立足于传统，但不受其局限。首先考虑的是要塑造一个朝气蓬勃的“早晨”的艺术形象。音乐的","confidence":0.9875,"box":[212.0,519.0,1232.0,561.0]},{"text":"语言既要能为大众所熟悉，又要使人感到清新。","confidence":0.9981,"box":[163.0,564.0,643.0,599.0]},{"text":"2.技巧为内容服务，只要有助于内容，应尽可能地广泛吸收、创造各种表达的手段，并使二者完美","confidence":0.9989,"box":[208.0,612.0,1230.0,655.0]},{"text":"地结合。演奏者应把这种创作意图体现出来。","confidence":0.9993,"box":[163.0,658.0,618.0,692.0]},{"text":"下面分段逐渐讲解：","confidence":0.998,"box":[208.0,705.0,408.0,734.0]},{"text":"第一乐段，散板，但有一个大概的节奏轮廓，不要太自由，不要任意加上装饰。呼吸记号有严格规","confidence":0.9979,"box":[206.0,751.0,1229.0,793.0]},{"text":"定，艺术形象属于描绘从恬静到万物复苏的自然风光。","confidence":0.9957,"box":[160.0,798.0,705.0,831.0]},{"text":"第一乐句是主题，取材于昆曲的“点绛唇”，微调式不断地出现徽商对答。","confidence":0.9784,"box":[204.0,843.0,962.0,882.0]},{"text":"技巧上要特别注意以下几点：","confidence":0.9995,"box":[203.0,889.0,498.0,920.0]},{"text":"1.轻轻地吹出第一个音“6”，但音高必须达到标准，可用泛音“6”来对照高度。所谓一字定终","confidence":0.9942,"box":[202.0,935.0,1223.0,978.0]},{"text":"身，第一个音的高度，决定了整个乐曲的音高标准。这一点要严格把关。","confidence":0.9995,"box":[155.0,980.0,890.0,1019.0]},{"text":"2.第一乐句的长度与所描绘背景的广度有关，要尽可能地辽阔一些，要将气吸饱，节约用气。","confidence":0.999,"box":[199.0,1028.0,1149.0,1069.0]},{"text":"3.长音“2”逐渐增加强度，注意强而不高、平稳不摇晃，到快转换乐句时稍作气震，注意不要强","confidence":0.9984,"box":[199.0,1074.0,1222.0,1116.0]},{"text":"得过火，因为它是开始。","confidence":0.9992,"box":[152.0,1118.0,400.0,1149.0]},{"text":"4.第二乐句，收尾的“5”稍为收缩--些，以便造成高潮前的伏笔。","confidence":0.9811,"box":[197.0,1165.0,897.0,1204.0]},{"text":"5.第三乐句从06513","confidence":0.9904,"box":[194.0,1207.0,476.0,1241.0]},{"text":"？……-到长音3，是“引子”中最难吹的，要一气呵成，要把华彩的快","confidence":0.9215,"box":[449.0,1211.0,1221.0,1260.0]},{"text":"速指法和循环换气技巧应用得没有缺陷。","confidence":0.9992,"box":[149.0,1257.0,558.0,1289.0]},{"text":"6. 1 —|7 -— 76 565 13 ... “7”的指法是开第一、五两孔，吹得轻一些，这时i7 之间的","confidence":0.8488,"box":[191.0,1296.0,1221.0,1352.0]},{"text":"音程关系要比平均律窄一些，90音分左右，这是符合民族音律的。如果以正常指法来演奏，就会使人感","confidence":0.9982,"box":[148.0,1349.0,1218.0,1394.0]},{"text":"到太响亮而且不满足。","confidence":0.9992,"box":[147.0,1395.0,371.0,1427.0]},{"text":"放长一些，这也是塑造广度的一种手段。","confidence":0.9974,"box":[145.0,1487.0,553.0,1520.0]},{"text":"8.第六乐句是结束句，注意“2”的颤音及历音结尾。历音要做快而不乱，从2 到1，所有的经过","confidence":0.9869,"box":[188.0,1533.0,1214.0,1579.0]},{"text":"音都要吹出来。","confidence":0.9995,"box":[144.0,1580.0,298.0,1608.0]},{"text":"第二乐段，主题变奏，节奏较复杂也较快，演奏要表现出鸟语花香、新鲜活泼的自然景象，在技巧上","confidence":0.9886,"box":[188.0,1626.0,1213.0,1669.0]},{"text":"112","confidence":0.9997,"box":[655.0,1726.0,695.0,1753.0]}],"rawText":"第十讲怎样演奏《早晨》\n《早晨》创作于50年代，在今天我们来演奏它，可以了解笛子艺术在50年代的发展情况，同时通过\n对比，能明显地感受到时代前进的步伐。\n怎样演奏《早晨》？\n《早晨》的创作意图：\n1.立足于传统，但不受其局限。首先考虑的是要塑造一个朝气蓬勃的“早晨”的艺术形象。音乐的\n语言既要能为大众所熟悉，又要使人感到清新。\n2.技巧为内容服务，只要有助于内容，应尽可能地广泛吸收、创造各种表达的手段，并使二者完美\n地结合。演奏者应把这种创作意图体现出来。\n下面分段逐渐讲解：\n第一乐段，散板，但有一个大概的节奏轮廓，不要太自由，不要任意加上装饰。呼吸记号有严格规\n定，艺术形象属于描绘从恬静到万物复苏的自然风光。\n第一乐句是主题，取材于昆曲的“点绛唇”，微调式不断地出现徽商对答。\n技巧上要特别注意以下几点：\n1.轻轻地吹出第一个音“6”，但音高必须达到标准，可用泛音“6”来对照高度。所谓一字定终\n身，第一个音的高度，决定了整个乐曲的音高标准。这一点要严格把关。\n2.第一乐句的长度与所描绘背景的广度有关，要尽可能地辽阔一些，要将气吸饱，节约用气。\n3.长音“2”逐渐增加强度，注意强而不高、平稳不摇晃，到快转换乐句时稍作气震，注意不要强\n得过火，因为它是开始。\n4.第二乐句，收尾的“5”稍为收缩--些，以便造成高潮前的伏笔。\n5.第三乐句从06513\n？……-到长音3，是“引子”中最难吹的，要一气呵成，要把华彩的快\n速指法和循环换气技巧应用得没有缺陷。\n6. 1 —|7 -— 76 565 13 ... “7”的指法是开第一、五两孔，吹得轻一些，这时i7 之间的\n音程关系要比平均律窄一些，90音分左右，这是符合民族音律的。如果以正常指法来演奏，就会使人感\n到太响亮而且不满足。\n放长一些，这也是塑造广度的一种手段。\n8.第六乐句是结束句，注意“2”的颤音及历音结尾。历音要做快而不乱，从2 到1，所有的经过\n音都要吹出来。\n第二乐段，主题变奏，节奏较复杂也较快，演奏要表现出鸟语花香、新鲜活泼的自然景象，在技巧上\n112","refined":true,"refinedLines":15,"printedPage":112,"chapter":10,"title":"怎样演奏《早晨》","segments":[{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/118-00.webp","width":477,"height":68,"box":[456,218,933,286],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["《早晨》创作于50年代，在今天我们来演奏它，可以了解笛子艺术在50年代的发展情况，同时通过对比，能明显地感受到时代前进的步伐。"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/118-01-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":90,"box":[167.0,329,1237.0,419],"confidence":0.999},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/118-02.webp","width":238,"height":92,"box":[204,419,442,511],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["1.立足于传统，但不受其局限。首先考虑的是要塑造一个朝气蓬勃的“早晨”的艺术形象。音乐的语言既要能为大众所熟悉，又要使人感到清新。","2.技巧为内容服务，只要有助于内容，应尽可能地广泛吸收、创造各种表达的手段，并使二者完美地结合。演奏者应把这种创作意图体现出来。","下面分段逐渐讲解：","第一乐段，散板，但有一个大概的节奏轮廓，不要太自由，不要任意加上装饰。呼吸记号有严格规定，艺术形象属于描绘从恬静到万物复苏的自然风光。","第一乐句是主题，取材于昆曲的“点绛唇”，微调式不断地出现徽商对答。","技巧上要特别注意以下几点：","1.轻轻地吹出第一个音“6”，但音高必须达到标准，可用泛音“6”来对照高度。所谓一字定终身，第一个音的高度，决定了整个乐曲的音高标准。这一点要严格把关。","2.第一乐句的长度与所描绘背景的广度有关，要尽可能地辽阔一些，要将气吸饱，节约用气。","3.长音“2”逐渐增加强度，注意强而不高、平稳不摇晃，到快转换乐句时稍作气震，注意不要强得过火，因为它是开始。","4.第二乐句，收尾的“5”稍为收缩--些，以便造成高潮前的伏笔。"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/118-03-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":695,"box":[152.0,514,1232.0,1209],"confidence":0.995},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["？……-到长音3，是“引子”中最难吹的，要一气呵成，要把华彩的快速指法和循环换气技巧应用得没有缺陷。"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/118-04-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":88,"box":[149.0,1206,1221.0,1294],"confidence":0.96},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/118-05.webp","width":1043,"height":50,"box":[184,1294,1227,1344],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"},{"type":"text","paragraphs":["音程关系要比平均律窄一些，90音分左右，这是符合民族音律的。如果以正常指法来演奏，就会使人感到太响亮而且不满足。"],"originalSrc":"assets/figures/118-06-text.webp","originalWidth":1305,"originalHeight":88,"box":[147.0,1344,1218.0,1432],"confidence":0.999},{"type":"image","src":"assets/figures/118-07.webp","width":1091,"height":326,"box":[134,1432,1225,1758],"label":"谱例 / 图文原片"}],"text":"第十讲怎样演奏《早晨》\n《早晨》创作于50年代，在今天我们来演奏它，可以了解笛子艺术在50年代的发展情况，同时通过\n对比，能明显地感受到时代前进的步伐。\n怎样演奏《早晨》？\n《早晨》的创作意图：\n1.立足于传统，但不受其局限。首先考虑的是要塑造一个朝气蓬勃的“早晨”的艺术形象。音乐的\n语言既要能为大众所熟悉，又要使人感到清新。\n2.技巧为内容服务，只要有助于内容，应尽可能地广泛吸收、创造各种表达的手段，并使二者完美\n地结合。演奏者应把这种创作意图体现出来。\n下面分段逐渐讲解：\n第一乐段，散板，但有一个大概的节奏轮廓，不要太自由，不要任意加上装饰。呼吸记号有严格规\n定，艺术形象属于描绘从恬静到万物复苏的自然风光。\n第一乐句是主题，取材于昆曲的“点绛唇”，微调式不断地出现徽商对答。\n技巧上要特别注意以下几点：\n1.轻轻地吹出第一个音“6”，但音高必须达到标准，可用泛音“6”来对照高度。所谓一字定终\n身，第一个音的高度，决定了整个乐曲的音高标准。这一点要严格把关。\n2.第一乐句的长度与所描绘背景的广度有关，要尽可能地辽阔一些，要将气吸饱，节约用气。\n3.长音“2”逐渐增加强度，注意强而不高、平稳不摇晃，到快转换乐句时稍作气震，注意不要强\n得过火，因为它是开始。\n4.第二乐句，收尾的“5”稍为收缩--些，以便造成高潮前的伏笔。\n5.第三乐句从06513\n？……-到长音3，是“引子”中最难吹的，要一气呵成，要把华彩的快\n速指法和循环换气技巧应用得没有缺陷。\n6. 1 —|7 -— 76 565 13 ... “7”的指法是开第一、五两孔，吹得轻一些，这时i7 之间的\n音程关系要比平均律窄一些，90音分左右，这是符合民族音律的。如果以正常指法来演奏，就会使人感\n到太响亮而且不满足。\n放长一些，这也是塑造广度的一种手段。\n8.第六乐句是结束句，注意“2”的颤音及历音结尾。历音要做快而不乱，从2 到1，所有的经过\n音都要吹出来。\n第二乐段，主题变奏，节奏较复杂也较快，演奏要表现出鸟语花香、新鲜活泼的自然景象，在技巧上","kind":"图文"},{"page":119,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/119.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/119.webp","lines":[{"text":"要强调“6”的垛音，每一乐句的最后一个音“2”“5”不要太强调，可用赠音来处理。","confidence":0.9896,"box":[136.0,227.0,1091.0,272.0]},{"text":"紧接着，节奏放慢一倍，出现了民歌对答体，不时加人鸟鸣之声，力求反映情与景的交融。要注意对","confidence":0.9975,"box":[185.0,274.0,1209.0,314.0]},{"text":"答的层次，切忌没有变化，在强弱的转换过程中可带有一点夸张，但必须注意在乐音三要点（音调、音","confidence":0.997,"box":[139.0,320.0,1209.0,362.0]},{"text":"品、音量）的掌握上达到完美的程度。","confidence":0.9655,"box":[139.0,376.0,514.0,409.0]},{"text":"快速的一段鸟鸣，注意节奏，吐、滑、垛、花的技巧要充分发挥。","confidence":0.9985,"box":[186.0,418.0,851.0,455.0]},{"text":"转调后出现b7，其指法是开第一、六孔。","confidence":0.9925,"box":[184.0,461.0,604.0,502.0]},{"text":"」1」的指法，开第一、六孔，颤第二孔。","confidence":0.926,"box":[192.0,515.0,641.0,552.0]},{"text":"|7」的指法，开第一、五孔，颤第二孔。","confidence":0.9101,"box":[191.0,565.0,643.0,607.0]},{"text":"第三乐段，体现了一种南北演奏技巧相结合的风格，吐、滑、垛、花和颤、叠、赠、打相结合，要分","confidence":0.9981,"box":[187.0,613.0,1212.0,655.0]},{"text":"析其使用的方法。","confidence":0.9997,"box":[143.0,675.0,320.0,701.0]},{"text":"第四乐段，这是一段舞蹈性的音乐，旋律带有儿童的色彩，在技巧上没有什么难度，要注意清楚干净","confidence":0.9831,"box":[188.0,705.0,1214.0,748.0]},{"text":"就可以了；几个长历音要作分解动作的练习，不可含糊不精。","confidence":0.9976,"box":[143.0,759.0,762.0,794.0]},{"text":"花舌一段，一口气吹完，热闹流利；花舌也非一定要用，要避免噪音。","confidence":0.9833,"box":[190.0,804.0,900.0,840.0]},{"text":"尾声，用轻吐清楚地演奏，要把音吹得很准。","confidence":0.9965,"box":[190.0,854.0,647.0,886.0]},{"text":"丨6—丨6—|5—5—丨两个音要吹得很轻。","confidence":0.8811,"box":[264.0,894.0,789.0,943.0]},{"text":"最后的","confidence":0.9999,"box":[193.0,907.0,264.0,932.0]},{"text":"」“6”一」用泛音演奏，指法是全按，稍微打开第四孔，并作震音动作。","confidence":0.9497,"box":[194.0,943.0,961.0,984.0]},{"text":"|5一丨5—|的指法，打开第一、二、三孔外，再将第四孔稍微地打开一点，特别要做到在音准的","confidence":0.9486,"box":[203.0,988.0,1221.0,1035.0]},{"text":"前提下，音量减弱到PPP。","confidence":0.9521,"box":[147.0,1050.0,407.0,1079.0]},{"text":"早","confidence":0.8146,"box":[617.0,1101.0,740.0,1144.0]},{"text":"赵松庭曲","confidence":0.9996,"box":[1116.0,1138.0,1216.0,1173.0]},{"text":"全按2正宫调","confidence":0.9932,"box":[144.0,1149.0,302.0,1183.0]},{"text":"（一)慢板」=54恬静自由地","confidence":0.9268,"box":[164.0,1208.0,483.0,1243.0]},{"text":"323","confidence":0.9958,"box":[999.0,1252.0,1060.0,1280.0]},{"text":"5135","confidence":0.9186,"box":[1101.0,1245.0,1175.0,1281.0]},{"text":"4","confidence":0.5851,"box":[150.0,1260.0,172.0,1283.0]},{"text":"65.4","confidence":0.9959,"box":[312.0,1264.0,395.0,1291.0]},{"text":"35","confidence":0.999,"box":[416.0,1263.0,466.0,1288.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9997,"box":[832.0,1260.0,847.0,1281.0]},{"text":"4","confidence":0.9985,"box":[152.0,1277.0,171.0,1294.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9972,"box":[187.0,1268.0,203.0,1289.0]},{"text":"是","confidence":0.9386,"box":[533.0,1360.0,554.0,1385.0]},{"text":"56532321","confidence":0.9953,"box":[369.0,1372.0,507.0,1403.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9997,"box":[553.0,1376.0,568.0,1397.0]},{"text":"12","confidence":0.9393,"box":[475.0,1454.0,489.0,1467.0]},{"text":"212323535656","confidence":0.9988,"box":[393.0,1479.0,580.0,1512.0]},{"text":"7.6","confidence":0.9884,"box":[1024.0,1475.0,1070.0,1502.0]},{"text":"565","confidence":0.998,"box":[1107.0,1473.0,1175.0,1501.0]},{"text":"323535656161","confidence":0.9987,"box":[161.0,1486.0,346.0,1512.0]},{"text":"1","confidence":0.9927,"box":[614.0,1484.0,626.0,1498.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.977,"box":[271.0,1574.0,290.0,1590.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9997,"box":[386.0,1614.0,402.0,1636.0]},{"text":"323","confidence":0.9969,"box":[487.0,1611.0,555.0,1639.0]},{"text":"535","confidence":0.9991,"box":[580.0,1605.0,649.0,1638.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9982,"box":[1106.0,1606.0,1117.0,1622.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9996,"box":[167.0,1618.0,183.0,1637.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.3681,"box":[712.0,1616.0,722.0,1626.0]},{"text":"113","confidence":0.9997,"box":[671.0,1711.0,713.0,1742.0]}],"rawText":"要强调“6”的垛音，每一乐句的最后一个音“2”“5”不要太强调，可用赠音来处理。\n紧接着，节奏放慢一倍，出现了民歌对答体，不时加人鸟鸣之声，力求反映情与景的交融。要注意对\n答的层次，切忌没有变化，在强弱的转换过程中可带有一点夸张，但必须注意在乐音三要点（音调、音\n品、音量）的掌握上达到完美的程度。\n快速的一段鸟鸣，注意节奏，吐、滑、垛、花的技巧要充分发挥。\n转调后出现b7，其指法是开第一、六孔。\n」1」的指法，开第一、六孔，颤第二孔。\n|7」的指法，开第一、五孔，颤第二孔。\n第三乐段，体现了一种南北演奏技巧相结合的风格，吐、滑、垛、花和颤、叠、赠、打相结合，要分\n析其使用的方法。\n第四乐段，这是一段舞蹈性的音乐，旋律带有儿童的色彩，在技巧上没有什么难度，要注意清楚干净\n就可以了；几个长历音要作分解动作的练习，不可含糊不精。\n花舌一段，一口气吹完，热闹流利；花舌也非一定要用，要避免噪音。\n尾声，用轻吐清楚地演奏，要把音吹得很准。\n丨6—丨6—|5—5—丨两个音要吹得很轻。\n最后的\n」“6”一」用泛音演奏，指法是全按，稍微打开第四孔，并作震音动作。\n|5一丨5—|的指法，打开第一、二、三孔外，再将第四孔稍微地打开一点，特别要做到在音准的\n前提下，音量减弱到PPP。\n早\n赵松庭曲\n全按2正宫调\n（一)慢板」=54恬静自由地\n323\n5135\n4\n65.4\n35\n2\n4\n6\n是\n56532321\n5\n12\n212323535656\n7.6\n565\n323535656161\n1\ntr\n3\n323\n535\n5\n3\n6\n113","refined":true,"refinedLines":10,"printedPage":113,"chapter":10,"title":"怎样演奏《早晨》","segments":[{"type":"text","paragraphs":["要强调“6”的垛音，每一乐句的最后一个音“2”“5”不要太强调，可用赠音来处理。","紧接着，节奏放慢一倍，出现了民歌对答体，不时加人鸟鸣之声，力求反映情与景的交融。要注意对答的层次，切忌没有变化，在强弱的转换过程中可带有一点夸张，但必须注意在乐音三要点（音调、音品、音量）的掌握上达到完美的程度。","快速的一段鸟鸣，注意节奏，吐、滑、垛、花的技巧要充分发挥。","转调后出现b7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图文原片"}],"text":"要强调“6”的垛音，每一乐句的最后一个音“2”“5”不要太强调，可用赠音来处理。\n紧接着，节奏放慢一倍，出现了民歌对答体，不时加人鸟鸣之声，力求反映情与景的交融。要注意对\n答的层次，切忌没有变化，在强弱的转换过程中可带有一点夸张，但必须注意在乐音三要点（音调、音\n品、音量）的掌握上达到完美的程度。\n快速的一段鸟鸣，注意节奏，吐、滑、垛、花的技巧要充分发挥。\n转调后出现b7，其指法是开第一、六孔。\n」1」的指法，开第一、六孔，颤第二孔。\n|7」的指法，开第一、五孔，颤第二孔。\n第三乐段，体现了一种南北演奏技巧相结合的风格，吐、滑、垛、花和颤、叠、赠、打相结合，要分\n析其使用的方法。\n第四乐段，这是一段舞蹈性的音乐，旋律带有儿童的色彩，在技巧上没有什么难度，要注意清楚干净\n就可以了；几个长历音要作分解动作的练习，不可含糊不精。\n花舌一段，一口气吹完，热闹流利；花舌也非一定要用，要避免噪音。\n尾声，用轻吐清楚地演奏，要把音吹得很准。\n丨6—丨6—|5—5—丨两个音要吹得很轻。\n最后的\n」“6”一」用泛音演奏，指法是全按，稍微打开第四孔，并作震音动作。\n|5一丨5—|的指法，打开第一、二、三孔外，再将第四孔稍微地打开一点，特别要做到在音准的\n前提下，音量减弱到PPP。\n赵松庭曲\n全按2正宫调\n（一)慢板」=54恬静自由地","kind":"图文"},{"page":120,"width":1305,"height":1890,"image":"assets/pages/120.webp","thumb":"assets/thumbs/120.webp","lines":[{"text":"快」=106","confidence":0.93,"box":[179.0,230.0,296.0,264.0]},{"text":"tr","confidence":0.999,"box":[568.0,254.0,591.0,274.0]},{"text":"渐慢","confidence":0.9512,"box":[1136.0,261.0,1191.0,294.0]},{"text":"065653","confidence":0.9988,"box":[178.0,285.0,327.0,312.0]},{"text":"2321","confidence":0.999,"box":[337.0,288.0,427.0,312.0]},{"text":"615","confidence":0.9994,"box":[440.0,289.0,508.0,317.0]},{"text":"06","confidence":0.975,"box":[545.0,291.0,590.0,318.0]},{"text":"5653","confidence":0.9989,"box":[602.0,290.0,694.0,320.0]},{"text":"2321","confidence":0.9937,"box":[704.0,292.0,796.0,323.0]},{"text":"615","confidence":0.9997,"box":[809.0,294.0,877.0,323.0]},{"text":"06","confidence":0.9946,"box":[914.0,297.0,957.0,323.0]},{"text":"56532321","confidence":0.9915,"box":[969.0,295.0,1171.0,327.0]},{"text":"61","confidence":0.9837,"box":[1159.0,301.0,1214.0,327.0]},{"text":"(二)快板」=208灵活地","confidence":0.8959,"box":[709.0,354.0,984.0,388.0]},{"text":"t","confidence":0.5849,"box":[342.0,405.0,360.0,424.0]},{"text":"又","confidence":0.9948,"box":[888.0,397.0,910.0,421.0]},{"text":"2:","confidence":0.702,"box":[197.0,450.0,216.0,479.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9995,"box":[331.0,454.0,346.0,477.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9991,"box":[494.0,459.0,507.0,476.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9688,"box":[836.0,452.0,854.0,471.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.7991,"box":[911.0,463.0,924.0,481.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9995,"box":[986.0,461.0,1006.0,487.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9998,"box":[1065.0,464.0,1081.0,487.0]},{"text":"A","confidence":0.6308,"box":[184.0,515.0,207.0,552.0]},{"text":"X>1","confidence":0.5567,"box":[966.0,529.0,990.0,591.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9727,"box":[202.0,581.0,227.0,610.0]},{"text":"5.6","confidence":0.9879,"box":[254.0,583.0,301.0,614.0]},{"text":"53","confidence":0.9992,"box":[333.0,584.0,380.0,616.0]},{"text":"2.3","confidence":0.8457,"box":[451.0,586.0,501.0,620.0]},{"text":"21","confidence":0.9931,"box":[541.0,587.0,592.0,621.0]},{"text":"61","confidence":0.9992,"box":[640.0,586.0,692.0,623.0]},{"text":"#","confidence":0.3513,"box":[762.0,580.0,798.0,624.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9994,"box":[829.0,597.0,845.0,619.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9969,"box":[905.0,597.0,921.0,622.0]},{"text":"C","confidence":0.5456,"box":[971.0,591.0,987.0,611.0]},{"text":"6","confidence":0.9542,"box":[987.0,597.0,1005.0,621.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9996,"box":[1054.0,598.0,1072.0,622.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9996,"box":[1116.0,600.0,1133.0,622.0]},{"text":"%","confidence":0.6106,"box":[1187.0,599.0,1211.0,621.0]},{"text":"又","confidence":0.9859,"box":[179.0,649.0,204.0,676.0]},{"text":"<","confidence":0.6829,"box":[180.0,669.0,197.0,689.0]},{"text":"AF","confidence":0.5058,"box":[960.0,677.0,988.0,738.0]},{"text":"1","confidence":0.4789,"box":[182.0,695.0,194.0,715.0]},{"text":"5.6","confidence":0.9765,"box":[254.0,719.0,304.0,749.0]},{"text":"53","confidence":0.9981,"box":[331.0,720.0,382.0,751.0]},{"text":"23","confidence":0.9971,"box":[451.0,721.0,501.0,752.0]},{"text":"21","confidence":0.9816,"box":[543.0,724.0,592.0,754.0]},{"text":"61","confidence":0.9996,"box":[644.0,725.0,691.0,756.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.4251,"box":[764.0,719.0,798.0,760.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9864,"box":[826.0,727.0,849.0,757.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9073,"box":[906.0,733.0,922.0,757.0]},{"text":"T","confidence":0.8509,"box":[964.0,728.0,989.0,750.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9981,"box":[986.0,732.0,1006.0,757.0]},{"text":"2","confidence":0.9996,"box":[1059.0,732.0,1079.0,758.0]},{"text":"X","confidence":0.8613,"box":[1167.0,730.0,1205.0,759.0]},{"text":"x>\"","confidence":0.5905,"box":[970.0,799.0,999.0,873.0]},{"text":"√","confidence":0.6067,"box":[949.0,825.0,962.0,840.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9996,"box":[203.0,846.0,218.0,866.0]},{"text":"23","confidence":0.9985,"box":[252.0,844.0,308.0,873.0]},{"text":"2.1","confidence":0.873,"box":[332.0,842.0,386.0,875.0]},{"text":"61","confidence":0.9985,"box":[448.0,842.0,505.0,878.0]},{"text":"5.6","confidence":0.8136,"box":[542.0,846.0,599.0,879.0]},{"text":"3","confidence":0.9882,"box":[651.0,852.0,670.0,880.0]},{"text":"5","confidence":0.9993,"box":[821.0,854.0,839.0,880.0]},{"text":"2","confidence"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